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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...

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Boosting Solid-Solid Conversion Kinetics via Electron-Pinned Interface Engineering for High-Energy-Density Li-S

Li Jin1, Zhengqian Jin1, Teng Deng1

  • 1School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|May 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel catalyst for lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries, improving performance under lean electrolyte conditions. This electron-pinned interface catalyst (EPIC) enhances sulfur reduction kinetics for higher energy density and longer cycle life in Li-S batteries.

Keywords:
electron‐pinned interface catalystlean‐electrolyte conditionslithium‐sulfur batteriessolid–solid conversionsulfur redox kinetics

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • High-energy-density lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries require lean electrolyte conditions.
  • Sluggish sulfur reduction reaction (SRR) kinetics, particularly in the solid-solid conversion stage, limit Li-S battery performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design a catalyst architecture that overcomes kinetic limitations in SRR under lean electrolyte conditions.
  • To develop a novel catalyst that enhances the efficiency of the "solid-solid" conversion stage in Li-S batteries.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a catalyst architecture integrating "long-range order" with "local disorder" (a-FeOOH@Fe/AlO x).
  • Utilizing operando studies and Density Functional Theory (DFT) simulations to investigate catalytic mechanisms.
  • Employing amorphous nanodomain modification and local electronic structure regulation.

Main Results:

  • The catalyst, a-FeOOH@Fe/AlO x, demonstrates synergistic catalytic enhancement through multi-level electronic interactions.
  • Operando studies and DFT simulations confirm the catalyst establishes conductive pathways, decoupling the SRR process and enhancing "solid-solid" conversion efficiency.
  • Achieved a high areal capacity of 10.7 mAh·cm -2 at a sulfur loading of 10.2 mg·cm -2 , 94.2% capacity retention over 150 cycles, and enabled a 3.6 Ah pouch cell with 418.6 Wh·kg -1 energy density.

Conclusions:

  • The developed electron-pinned interface catalyst (EPIC) effectively overcomes kinetic limitations in lean electrolyte conditions for Li-S batteries.
  • The gradient-ordered active sites and regulated electronic structure provide a novel design paradigm for high-energy-density Li-S batteries.
  • This strategy offers valuable insights for advancing future Li-S battery technology.