Nanoparticle-Based Radiosensitization in Breast Cancer: A Multimodal Approach to Therapy and Immune Regulation.

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Nanotechnology
• Radiotherapy

Background:

• Radiotherapy is crucial for breast cancer treatment but faces challenges due to tumor resistance, leading to recurrence.
• Nanoparticle-mediated radiosensitization offers a promising strategy to overcome these limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review nanoparticle-mediated radiosensitization mechanisms for breast cancer.
• To explore novel approaches combining nanoparticles with natural compounds for enhanced radiosensitivity and reduced toxicity.

Main Methods:

• Metal nanoparticles (gold, silver, platinum, bismuth) enhance radiation dose and generate reactive oxygen species (ROS).
• Polymeric, liposomal, and hydrogel nanocarriers enable targeted delivery and sustained release of radiosensitizers.
• Nanoparticles inhibit DNA repair and modulate the tumor microenvironment to improve radiation response.

Main Results:

• Nanoparticles increase tumor cell cytotoxicity and reduce hypoxia-related radioresistance.
• Combination therapy with nanoparticles and natural compounds (curcumin, metformin) enhances radiosensitivity and oxidative stress.
• Nanoparticles can potentiate immunotherapy by activating immune cells and promoting anti-tumor memory.

Conclusions:

• Nanoparticle-mediated radiosensitization is a powerful strategy to improve breast cancer radiotherapy efficacy.
• Targeted delivery and combination therapies hold significant potential for better tumor control with reduced toxicity.