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Capillary flow-driven paper-based microfluidic sensor for NDMA detection in water.

Prakash Aryal1, Jade Manna-Rubenstein1, Tessa Whitaker1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA. Chuck.henry@colostate.edu.

Lab on a Chip
|May 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new paper-based microfluidic device enables simple, on-site detection of N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in water. This low-cost assay integrates photochemical reactions for rapid and reliable water quality monitoring.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Environmental Science
  • Microfluidics

Background:

  • N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is a genotoxic contaminant frequently found in water sources.
  • Current NDMA monitoring methods require complex sample preparation and instrumentation, limiting routine analysis.
  • There is a need for accessible, on-site methods for detecting NDMA in water.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop the first paper-based microfluidic assay for N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) detection.
  • To integrate an on-chip photochemical nitrosation reaction for a complete workflow.
  • To provide a user-friendly, low-cost platform for rapid, on-site water quality monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • A paper-based microfluidic device was constructed using PET capillary channels and immobilized reagents.
  • The assay involves a simple dip-and-fold operation for sample introduction and analysis.
  • On-chip photochemical detection utilizes sodium 1-naphthol-4-sulfonate followed by Fe2+ and Co2+ complexation for colorimetric readout.

Main Results:

  • The device achieved linear detection ranges of 0-100 ppm (Fe2+) and 0-30 ppm (Co2+), with low limits of detection (4 ppm and 1.5 ppm, respectively).
  • High selectivity was ensured through interference studies and dual-channel readout.
  • The platform demonstrated excellent device stability over four weeks and consistent recovery rates in various water samples (RSD < 10%).

Conclusions:

  • This paper-based microfluidic platform offers a sustainable, cost-effective (<$0.2/device) alternative for NDMA detection in water.
  • The user-friendly design facilitates on-site, rapid, and high-frequency water quality monitoring.
  • The integrated on-chip photochemical reaction approach can be expanded for detecting a wider range of environmental contaminants.