Prospective evaluation of occlusion time and force distribution in implant-supported fixed prostheses using the...

Osseointegrated implants lack a periodontal ligament, resulting in altered occlusal force distribution and reduced proprioception. Implant-Protected Occlusion (IPO) has been advocated to minimize mechanical stress through optimized load distribution. Nevertheless, the long-term stability of occlusal contacts and force distribution in multiple implant-supported prostheses remains unclear. This study evaluates changes in relative occlusal force (ROF) and occlusion time (OT) following placement of posterior multiple implant-supported prostheses and their effect on force equilibration within the arch.

A prospective follow-up study was conducted on 25 patients rehabilitated with posterior multiple implant-supported fixed prostheses. The T-Scan III system was used to quantify relative occlusal force (ROF) and occlusion time (OT) at baseline, immediately after prosthesis placement, and at 3- and 6-month follow-ups. The contralateral side served as control. Occlusal variations over time were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank and Friedman tests.

A significant increase in ROF for implant-supported prostheses was observed over time, with force distribution achieving greater equilibration by 6 months. Initially, higher forces were recorded in the anterior segments, which progressively shifted posteriorly to restore balance. Occlusion time also increased gradually, aligning with natural dentition.

Occlusal parameters in implant-supported prostheses are dynamic and subject to change over time. Periodic monitoring and adjustment are essential to prevent excessive loading and to maintain functional harmony.