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Published on: August 9, 2024
Long COVID and Cardiovascular Diseases Among U.S. Adults: Results From the U.S. Medical Expenditure Panel Survey
Geoffrey Y Zhang1, John C Lin2, Dang Nguyen3
1Baylor College of Medicine, School of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Objective:
Long COVID is associated with persistent symptoms including cardiovascular complications; however, the epidemiology and directionality of this association remain unclear.
Methods:
Utilizing a retrospective cohort study design with cross-sectional analyses, 8,332 respondents aged 18 and older from the 2022 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) who had a prior COVID-19 infection, were analyzed to determine the temporal association between long COVID and cardiovascular disease (CVD), modeling each as both outcome and exposure in separate analyses.
Results:
Long COVID was associated with any CVD diagnosis (OR 1.37; 95% CI: 1.05-1.80), specifically angina (OR 1.81; 95% CI: 1.18-2.77) and myocardial infarction (OR 1.50; 95% CI: 1.01-2.23). Temporally, long COVID was associated with higher odds of CVD diagnoses in the same year or following year after COVID-19 (OR 2.62; 95% CI: 1.05-6.51) and in subsequent years only (OR 8.60; 95% CI: 1.53-48.3). Respondents with pre-existing CVD did not have statistically significant greater odds of reporting new long COVID symptoms.
Conclusion:
Our findings demonstrate that long COVID is associated with the subsequent development of CVD, underscoring the need for further research in this patient population to improve health interventions.
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