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Updated: May 29, 2026

Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies

Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies

Published on: February 6, 2019

Biologically Effective Dose-Optimized Multi-Intensity-Modulated Proton Therapy: A Biologically Comparable Alternative

Nimita Shinde¹, Yanan Zhu², Wei Wang³

¹Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.

International Journal of Particle Therapy

|May 28, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new biologically optimized multiple intensity-modulated proton therapy (multi-IMPT) framework approximates proton arc therapy (ARC) quality. This approach ensures biological comparability by incorporating fractionation effects for improved treatment planning.

Keywords:

Alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM)Biologically effective dose (BED)IMPT Proton arc therapy Treatment planning

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Area of Science:

Radiation Oncology
Medical Physics
Cancer Treatment

Background:

Proton spot-scanning arc therapy (ARC) offers superior dose conformity but is not yet clinically available.
Standard intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) lacks the biological comparability of ARC due to unaddressed fractionation effects.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose a novel biologically optimized multiple IMPT (multi-IMPT) framework.
To achieve biologically effective dose (BED) comparable to proton ARC by directly optimizing BED and incorporating fractionation effects.

Main Methods:

The multi-IMPT method uses varying beam angle subsets per fraction.
Inverse optimization of BED for organs at risk (OAR) and physical dose to the target.
Iterative convex relaxation and alternating direction method of multipliers were employed.

Main Results:

Multi-IMPT demonstrated plan quality comparable to ARC across different cases.
Improvements in OAR sparing and target dose coverage were observed in the prostate case.
Similar or slightly varied dose distributions and coverage were noted for lung, brain, and head-and-neck cases.

Conclusions:

The proposed multi-IMPT approach achieves ARC-comparable plan quality in terms of BED.
This framework offers a practical method to approximate advanced proton therapy techniques.