Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions.
Ionic Association01:28

Ionic Association

The ionic association is the association of oppositely charged ions in an electrolyte solution to form ion pairs. Bjerrum defined ion pairs as two oppositely charged ions whose electrostatic attraction exceeds the thermal energy of the system, typically expressed as 2kT. Electrostatic attraction depends on ionic charge, separation distance, and the dielectric constant of the medium. Thermal energy, represented by kT, reflects the tendency of ions to move independently due to molecular motion.
Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

High-Performance, Activation-Free Magnesium-Ion Batteries Enabled by Ionic Liquid Electrolyte Additive.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Bi-Doped Pd Aerogels with Tensile-Strain-Induced Cascade Orbital Hybridization Boost H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Selective Activation for Efficient Pesticide Distinction.

Research (Washington, D.C.)·2026
Same author

Regulating interface electric field to stabilize high-voltage KVPO<sub>4</sub>F positive electrode for sustainable potassium-ion batteries.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Noble gases xenon and argon: from cellular signalling mechanisms to organoprotection and clinical applications.

Journal of translational medicine·2026
Same author

Rational Construction and Modulation of Built-In Electric Field for High-Efficiency Alkali Metal-Based Batteries.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Targeted lipidomics meets transcriptomics: how cinobufagin rewires fatty acid, sphingolipid, and glycerophospholipid metabolism to combat hepatoma cell growth.

Frontiers in pharmacology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks
06:53

Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks

Published on: June 9, 2023

Formation Energy-Dominated AB-Stacking Structure Promotes Metal-Covalent Organic Frameworks for High-Performance

Dongbo Yan1, Jianlu Sun1, Yuehua Man1

  • 1School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|May 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new metallized covalent organic framework (COF) with an AB-stacking structure for enhanced potassium-ion battery anodes. The material demonstrates superior stability and high energy density, overcoming limitations of traditional AA-stacked COFs.

Keywords:
anodedual‐ion storageformation energymetal‐covalent organic frameworkspotassium ion battery

More Related Videos

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
11:04

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

Published on: December 20, 2016

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
10:03

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques

Published on: November 11, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks
06:53

Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks

Published on: June 9, 2023

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
11:04

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

Published on: December 20, 2016

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
10:03

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques

Published on: November 11, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Traditional covalent organic frameworks (COFs) suffer from poor electrochemical performance due to AA-stacking structures hindering redox-active site utilization.
  • Interlayer ion adsorption and diffusion limitations impede the efficiency of COFs in energy storage applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel metallized COF (Cu@MCOF-D) with an AB-stacking structure for improved potassium-ion battery (PIB) performance.
  • To investigate the synergistic effects of pre-synthesized cyclic trinuclear copper clusters (Cu3) and 2,6-diaminoanthraquinone (DAAQ) on ion storage mechanisms.
  • To evaluate the electrochemical stability and energy density of the developed material as a PIB anode.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of metallized COF (Cu@MCOF-D) by integrating cyclic trinuclear copper clusters (Cu3) with 2,6-diaminoanthraquinone (DAAQ).
  • Formation energy calculations to confirm the AB-stacking structure stability.
  • Ex situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to analyze material behavior during charge/discharge cycles.
  • Electrochemical testing of Cu@MCOF-D as a PIB anode in half-cell and full-cell configurations.

Main Results:

  • The Cu@MCOF-D exhibits a thermodynamically stable AB-stacking structure, optimizing K+ diffusion kinetics and alleviating adsorption shielding.
  • Dual-ion storage mechanism enabled by synergistic adsorption of FSI- by Cu3 clusters and K+ binding by ‒C═O/‒C═N‒ groups.
  • High reversible capacity of 153.8 mAh g-1 at 20.0 A g-1 and exceptional cycling stability with 96.8% retention after 6500 cycles at 5.0 A g-1.
  • PIB full cells achieved high energy densities of up to 197.5 Wh kg-1 and 93.2% capacity retention after 2000 cycles with specific cathodes.

Conclusions:

  • The AB-stacking metallized COF (Cu@MCOF-D) effectively addresses performance limitations of traditional COFs in potassium-ion batteries.
  • The synergistic dual-ion storage mechanism and optimized ion diffusion contribute to the material's outstanding electrochemical performance and long-term stability.
  • This work presents a promising strategy for designing advanced COF materials for high-performance potassium-ion energy storage systems.