Research Progress on the Mechanism of Ginsenoside Rg1 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic intestinal inflammatory disorder, has witnessed a rising incidence globally. At present, the primary therapeutic approaches for IBD, such as aminosalicylic acid, glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, and biologics, often entail notable side effects and limited efficacy. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), particularly ginsenosides, have shown promise in the treatment of IBD. Ginsenoside Rg1 (G-Rg1), a characteristic constituent of ginsenosides, exerts a therapeutic impact on IBD. This review primarily elaborates on how G-Rg1 can restore the equilibrium of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors within the intestinal milieu. It achieves this by modifying the structure and metabolism of the intestinal flora, reorganizing the tight junction proteins of the intestinal barrier, and regulating the interplay between signaling pathways and immune cells, ultimately attaining the effect of alleviating IBD.