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Updated: May 29, 2026

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data

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Differences in Income Growth Between People With Multiple Sclerosis and Controls: A Norwegian Cohort Study.

Anne Høgset^1,2, Cecilia Smith Simonsen^1,3, Heidi Øyen Flemmen⁴

¹Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.

European Journal of Neurology

|May 28, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

People with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience lower income development than controls. Men with MS lose income earlier in life and disease progression than women with MS.

Keywords:

cohort studies gender equity income multiple sclerosis socioeconomic factors

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Area of Science:

Socioeconomic impacts of chronic illness
Neurology and public health

Background:

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological condition impacting individuals' lives.
Understanding the long-term socioeconomic consequences of MS is crucial for support and policy.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate income trajectories in people with MS (pwMS) compared to matched controls.
To determine the age and time from diagnosis at which income disparities emerge in pwMS.

Main Methods:

A Norwegian cohort study compared income development in pwMS and controls.
Linear mixed-effects models assessed the impact of age and time from diagnosis on income.

Main Results:

Men with MS (mwMS) showed lower income trajectories starting at an earlier age (49) than women with MS (wwMS) (55).
Income gaps widened for mwMS throughout working life, while wwMS approached control income near retirement.
Both mwMS and wwMS experienced reduced income growth post-MS diagnosis, with differences appearing 2 years for men and 5 years for women.

Conclusions:

People with MS exhibit poorer income development compared to the general population.
Men with MS face earlier income decline both in life and disease progression than women with MS.