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Updated: May 29, 2026

Dosimetry for Cell Irradiation using Orthovoltage (40-300 kV) X-Ray Facilities
Published on: February 20, 2021
Data that revolutionise the fundamentals of radiation protection over 100 years and WAM model
M Bando1, Y Tsunoyama2, Y Yonekura3
1Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan;
Abstract:
The main concern of the public is the risk of low dose rate radiation. While we recognise that we are continuously exposed to natural radiation as long as we live on this planet, it is natural to worry that the effects of additional exposure to man-made radiation will accumulate over our lifetimes and affect our children and grandchildren. According to the LNT/LQM on which radiation protection regulations are based, the risk of mutation is determined by the total cumulative exposure dose. The question is whether the risk accumulates. The latest data on genomic variation in low dose radiation exposure were reported by Gondo at the ICRP2023 conference. These groundbreaking data suggest changes in the formula that allow only mutant cells to accumulate. This report focuses on this and provides clear answers to the above questions by introducing a whack-a-mole (WAM) model that incorporates the organism's inherent ability to eliminate mutant cells.
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