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Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses two major chronic disorders—ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease—each characterized by relapsing episodes of gastrointestinal inflammation. Although they share certain clinical features, their patterns of involvement and manifestations differ in ways that aid diagnosis and guide management.Ulcerative ColitisUlcerative colitis is limited to the colon and rectum and involves continuous inflammation of the mucosal layer. The disease course is marked...

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
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Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
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Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction

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THE IMPACT OF OBESITY ON THE CLINICAL COURSE OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE.

Roberta Oliveira Raimundo Borsato¹, Júlio Maria Fonseca Chebli¹, Tarsila Campanha da Rocha Ribeiro¹

¹Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Faculdade de Medicina, Juiz de Fora, Brasil.

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Summary

Obesity may worsen the clinical course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly Crohn's disease (CD), leading to increased disease activity over time. This trend was not observed in ulcerative colitis (UC).

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Area of Science:

Gastroenterology
Immunology
Public Health

Background:

Rising incidence of obesity, metabolic syndrome (MS), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) globally.
MS and IBD are complex conditions with multifactorial origins, including genetic and environmental factors.
Gut microbiota alterations are implicated in both MS and IBD.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of obesity on the clinical progression of IBD.
To analyze disease activity and treatment outcomes in obese versus non-obese IBD patients.
To differentiate the effects of obesity on Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).

Main Methods:

Retrospective longitudinal observational cohort study (2019-2023).
Included 404 adult IBD patients (CD or UC) aged 18-80.
Assessed disease activity using Harvey-Bradshaw Index (HBI) for CD and Mayo score for UC.

Main Results:

No significant differences in most outcomes between obese and non-obese IBD patients.
Higher frequency of biologic therapy use in non-obese CD patients (P=0.028).
Trend towards more years with active disease in obese CD patients (P=0.062).

Conclusions:

Obesity may be an unfavorable factor for disease control in Crohn's disease.
Obese CD patients exhibited a clinical course with greater disease activity over time.
No similar trend was observed in ulcerative colitis patients.