Breast Cancer Risk and Screening in Active Duty Military Members and Veterans

Women represent a growing demographic within the United States military, both active duty and veterans. Breast cancer is the most prevalent non-dermatologic malignancy among female active duty members and veterans. Military service members, specifically women aged 40-59 years, have a higher incidence of breast cancer compared to the general population. Retrospective cohort studies of military members suggest that work-related reproductive factors, including higher frequency of contraceptive use and shorter duration of breastfeeding, may account for at least part of the higher incidence. The impact, if any, of military environmental exposures, such as volatile organic compounds, endocrine disrupting chemicals, pesticides, airborne hazards, and open burn pits, on breast cancer risk is an area of ongoing investigation. This article aims to advance understanding of breast cancer, risk, treatment, and outcomes in military populations while examining current screening practices and ongoing efforts to strengthen prevention and early detection among active duty service members and veterans. The potential of the SERVICE Act to increase screening access in certain military members under age 40 years will be emphasized. Efforts to improve breast cancer prevention and early detection for active duty service members and veterans are imperative for preserving military force readiness and essential for the health of the all-volunteer force of the United States military.