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Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Trichomoniasis01:18

Trichomoniasis

Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan parasite and the causative agent of trichomoniasis, one of the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted infections in the United States. This extracellular parasite primarily colonizes the lower genitourinary tract in women—particularly the vagina—and in men, the urethra and prostate. Its structural and functional adaptations enable its survival, motility, and pathogenicity within the host environment.Structural Features and Host EntryT.
American Trypanosomiasis01:22

American Trypanosomiasis

Chagas disease, or American trypanosomiasis, is a vector-borne parasitic infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a flagellated protozoan (kinetoplastid) of the family Trypanosomatidae. The disease is endemic in Latin America, although cases are increasingly reported worldwide due to human migration. Transmission most commonly occurs when feces of infected triatomine bugs contaminate bite wounds or mucosal surfaces; additional routes include congenital, transfusional, transplant-related, and oral...
Fungal Phylum Microsporidia01:28

Fungal Phylum Microsporidia

Microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular fungi that were initially classified as protists but were later reclassified based on phylogenetic, molecular, and structural evidence linking them to the Chytridiomycota. These unicellular, non-motile organisms are highly specialized parasites that infect a wide range of animal hosts, including humans. They have evolved extensive genomic and metabolic reductions, making them highly dependent on their hosts for survival.Morphology and Genomic...
Acne Infection01:27

Acne Infection

Acne is a multifactorial skin condition primarily affecting adolescents and young adults, with a global prevalence estimated to exceed 75% in this demographic. The condition is characterized by the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, pustules, nodules, and, in severe cases, cysts, particularly in areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the face, neck, chest, and back. The pathogenesis involves increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, colonization by...
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Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Viability Assay of Trichoderma stromaticum Conidia Inside Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear-Derived Macrophages
07:21

Viability Assay of Trichoderma stromaticum Conidia Inside Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear-Derived Macrophages

Published on: October 20, 2023

Trichophyton indotineae: Rise, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Future Directions.

Victoria R V Cox1,2, Tatiana Zuluaga3, Aditya K Gupta4

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.

American Journal of Clinical Dermatology
|May 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Trichophyton indotineae is causing widespread antifungal treatment failure in superficial fungal infections. Prolonged itraconazole courses are now preferred over terbinafine for treating these refractory tinea cases.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Viability Assay of Trichoderma stromaticum Conidia Inside Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear-Derived Macrophages
07:21

Viability Assay of Trichoderma stromaticum Conidia Inside Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear-Derived Macrophages

Published on: October 20, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Dermatology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Dermatophytoses, or tinea, are common superficial fungal infections affecting 20-25% of the global population.
  • Antifungal treatment failures have increased, largely due to the emergence of Trichophyton indotineae.
  • T. indotineae infections can mimic other inflammatory skin conditions and are often resistant to standard therapies like terbinafine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of Trichophyton indotineae infections.
  • To highlight the challenges posed by emerging antifungal resistance in dermatophytoses.
  • To inform clinicians about managing refractory tinea cases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on dermatophytoses and Trichophyton indotineae.
  • Analysis of clinical presentations and treatment outcomes.
  • Discussion of diagnostic approaches and antifungal susceptibility.

Main Results:

  • Trichophyton indotineae is the primary driver of global antifungal treatment failure for tinea.
  • Terbinafine efficacy is limited, while prolonged, higher-dose itraconazole is often effective.
  • Fluconazole and griseofulvin show minimal efficacy against T. indotineae.

Conclusions:

  • Dermatologists and other clinicians need heightened awareness of T. indotineae.
  • Appropriate management involves recognizing atypical presentations and utilizing effective antifungal agents like itraconazole.
  • Antifungal stewardship and education are crucial for combating emerging resistant fungal infections.