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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...
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Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
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Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Diencephalon: Hypothalamus and Coordination01:23

Diencephalon: Hypothalamus and Coordination

The hypothalamus is a small yet highly complex and essential brain region that plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions. Anatomically, it is located at the base of the brain, just above the brainstem and below the thalamus, forming part of the limbic system.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy
08:47

Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy

Published on: December 7, 2017

Hypothalamic obesity.

Ismaa Sadaf Farooqi1, Stephen O'Rahilly2

  • 1Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK. isf20@cam.ac.uk.

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders
|May 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human genetic disorders affecting hypothalamic circuits cause hyperphagia and obesity. Studying these conditions reveals how the hypothalamus regulates physiology and behavior, informing targeted obesity therapies.

Keywords:
HypothalamusLeptinMelanocortinObesity

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy
08:47

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Published on: December 7, 2017

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04:48

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Published on: May 8, 2018

Isolation of Targeted Hypothalamic Neurons for Studies of Hormonal, Metabolic, and Electrical Regulation
09:29

Isolation of Targeted Hypothalamic Neurons for Studies of Hormonal, Metabolic, and Electrical Regulation

Published on: August 4, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Hypothalamic circuits are crucial for regulating energy homeostasis and survival.
  • Hypothalamic lesions in animals can lead to significant weight changes.
  • Understanding these circuits is key to addressing metabolic disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss how genetic disorders impacting hypothalamic circuits lead to hyperphagia and obesity in humans.
  • To explore the molecular and physiological insights gained from studying these genetic conditions.
  • To highlight the clinical implications of identifying genetic causes for obesity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of human genetic disorders affecting key molecular components of hypothalamic circuits.
  • Analysis of molecular and physiological characterization of these disorders.
  • Discussion of the link between genetic defects and resulting hyperphagia/obesity.

Main Results:

  • Genetic impairments in hypothalamic circuit molecular components directly cause hyperphagia and obesity.
  • Detailed characterization provides insights into hypothalamic regulation of physiology and behavior.
  • Identification of genetic causes can guide clinical management.

Conclusions:

  • Human genetic disorders offer a window into hypothalamic function in energy homeostasis.
  • Understanding the genetic basis of obesity can lead to personalized and targeted therapeutic strategies.
  • Further research into these genetic conditions will refine our understanding of appetite regulation and obesity treatment.