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Reciproc and XP-endo Shaper Outperform WaveOne Gold in Apical Debris Removal: A Micro-CT Study in 3D-Printed Molars
Yu-Juan Zhu1, Xue Zhong1,2, Yu-Xuan Wu1
1The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
Objective:
Complete removal of filling material from complex anatomies such as the mesiobuccal isthmus remains a challenge in endodontic retreatment. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of XP-endo Shaper (XPS), Reciproc (REC), and WaveOne Gold (WOG) in removing root canal filling material during the retreatment of 3D-printed maxillary first molars, as quantified by micro-CT.
Methods:
Fifteen standardized 3D-printed resin teeth with Vertucci type II mesiobuccal canals were prepared, obturated, and randomly assigned to retreatment using XPS, REC, or WOG (n = 5 per group). Micro-CT scans were acquired before and after retreatment to analyze residual filling material volume in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal‒Wallis H test with post hoc Mann‒Whitney U tests (Bonferroni corrected).
Results:
While all the systems achieved near-complete coronal debridement (> 97%), REC demonstrated significantly greater removal in the middle third (99% ± 1% vs. 97% WOG and 94% XPS; P < 0.05). Crucially, in the apical isthmus region, both XPS (95% ± 3%) and REC (90% ± 7%) significantly outperformed WOG (76% ± 3%) (P < 0.05). No significant difference was detected between XPS and REC in the apical third.
Conclusion:
Residual filling material persisted in all the samples. REC showed the highest overall efficiency, whereas XPS achieved comparable apical debridement to REC. These quantitative, region-specific findings support the preferential use of XPS or REC over WOG for retreatment cases involving complex apical anatomy or isthmus configurations.
