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Related Concept Videos

Microbial Biosensors01:17

Microbial Biosensors

Microbial biosensors are analytical devices that utilize living microbes to detect specific substances through measurable signals. These devices consist of two main components: biosensing organisms and signal-transducing elements. Biosensing organisms, such as Escherichia coli or Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are typically housed in multiwell plates connected to transducers, enabling rapid, real-time detection of target analytes.Signal Generation MechanismWhen a target analyte—such as...
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DNA probes are fragments of DNA labeled with a reporter tag to enable their detection or purification. The resulting labeled DNA probes can then hybridize to target nucleic acid sequences through complementary base-pairing, and may be used to recover or identify these regions.
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A Microfluidic-based Electrochemical Biochip for Label-free DNA Hybridization Analysis
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Sequence-Engineered G-Triplex/Methylene Blue System as a Label-Free Electrochemical Signal Module for Biosensor.

Ling-Li Zhao1, Jia-Le Li2, Ruo-Yao Cui3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.

Analytical Chemistry
|May 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers optimized guanine triplex (G-triplex) DNA sequences for enhanced interaction with methylene blue (MB). The best G-triplex sequence was used in an electrochemical biosensor for sensitive melamine detection.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Nanotechnology
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • G-triplexes are noncanonical DNA structures with unclear sequence design rules for small-molecule binding.
  • Optimizing G-triplex sequences is crucial for developing novel biosensing applications.
  • Methylene blue (MB) is a redox indicator often used in electrochemical assays.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically screen and optimize G-triplex DNA sequences for improved binding with methylene blue (MB).
  • To develop an electrochemical biosensor utilizing the optimized G-triplex sequence for sensitive melamine detection.
  • To provide a framework for G-triplex sequence design in molecular recognition and sensing.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic sequence screening of over 80 candidate G-triplex sequences with variations in loop nucleotides, flanking bases, and strand length.
  • Evaluation of sequences using square wave voltammetry and circular dichroism spectroscopy.
  • Construction of a hairpin probe (MelaPin) integrating the optimal G-triplex sequence with a melamine recognition region for biosensor development.

Main Results:

  • The optimal G-triplex sequence (F9) demonstrated significantly higher current suppression upon MB binding compared to other G-triplex and G-quadruplex sequences.
  • F9 formed a stable parallel G-triplex with a melting temperature of 65.1 °C, increasing to 70.0 °C with MB binding.
  • The developed electrochemical biosensor exhibited a linear response to melamine from 1-100 μM with a low detection limit (0.74 μM) and high recovery in infant formula.

Conclusions:

  • A practical framework for designing G-triplex sequences with enhanced small-molecule binding properties was established.
  • The optimized G-triplex/MB system serves as an effective, label-free signal module for electrochemical biosensing.
  • This approach offers a promising strategy for developing sensitive and reliable biosensors for various analytes.