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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction01:26

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction

Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows “skip lesions” in which...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice
07:37

An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice

Published on: June 6, 2025

Pediatric Rheumatic Disorders Revisited: Integrating Imaging and Pathophysiologic Insights across the

Yuko Tsujioka1, Atsuhiko Handa2, Gen Nishimura3

  • 1Department of Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan 160-8582.

Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc
|May 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric rheumatic diseases involve both autoimmune and autoinflammatory pathways. Understanding this continuum improves diagnosis and treatment strategies for immune-mediated disorders.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice
07:37

An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice

Published on: June 6, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Rheumatology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Rheumatic diseases traditionally viewed as autoimmune, involving adaptive immunity and autoantibodies.
  • Discovery of genetic rheumatic diseases like TRAPS and FMF revealed innate immune dysregulation (autoinflammatory diseases).
  • Initial separation of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases is now challenged by significant overlap.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore pediatric rheumatic diseases through the autoinflammatory-autoimmune continuum.
  • Provide a comprehensive overview of current diagnostic and treatment strategies.
  • Highlight the role of innate and adaptive immune system interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical, imaging, and pathophysiologic aspects.
  • Analysis of therapeutic strategies.
  • Integration of recent immunologic and molecular research findings.

Main Results:

  • Evidence of overlap: autoantibodies in innate immune disorders, cytokine therapies effective in autoimmune diseases.
  • Autoinflammatory-autoimmune continuum concept proposed.
  • Dysregulation of innate and adaptive immune interactions contributes to rheumatic disease symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric rheumatic diseases exist on a spectrum between autoinflammatory and autoimmune processes.
  • A unified understanding of immune dysregulation is crucial for effective management.
  • Current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are informed by this continuum.