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Related Concept Videos

Mass Analyzers: Overview01:13

Mass Analyzers: Overview

The mass analyzer is a crucial component of the mass spectrometer. In the ionization chamber, the vaporized sample is bombarded with a high-energy electron beam to generate a radical cation and further fragment into neutral molecules, radicals, and cations. A series of negatively charged accelerator plates accelerate the cations into the mass analyzer. The mass analyzer separates ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and then directs them to the detector. The common types of mass...
Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...
Mass Spectrometers01:16

Mass Spectrometers

This lesson details the instrumentation of a mass spectrometer—a physical instrument to perform mass spectrometry on analyte molecules and record the characteristic mass spectra. This is achieved via three chief functions:
MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry01:19

MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

Mass spectrometry is a powerful characterization technique that can identify and separate a wide variety of compounds ranging from chemical to biological entities, based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The instruments that allow this detection, known as mass spectrometers, have three components: an ion source, a mass analyzer, and a detector. These spectrometers differ based on the nature of their ion source and analyzers.Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) is a commonly...
Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis01:21

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis

Mass spectrometry is an important technique for the identification of pure compounds. However, it has some limitations for the analysis of complex mixtures, often due to excessive fragmentation making the spectrum too complicated to decipher. Mass spectrometry can be combined with suitable separation methods in sequence, forming hyphenated methods, which are useful in the analysis of complex mixtures.
GC–MS is a powerful hyphenated method commonly used in forensics and environmental...

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Updated: May 31, 2026

Applications of the Single-probe: Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Single Cell Analysis under Ambient Conditions
15:00

Applications of the Single-probe: Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Single Cell Analysis under Ambient Conditions

Published on: June 14, 2016

Enhancing the Sensitivity of Mass Spectrometry Imaging through Spatial Signal Averaging.

Yury N Desyaterik1, Mary Peace McRae2, Kurt Hauser3

  • 1Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics. Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.

Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry
|May 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Adjacent-pixel averaging of full-profile Orbitrap mass spectrometry imaging data significantly enhances the detection of low-abundance ions in biological tissues. This simple method improves spatial interpretation and quantitative accuracy for biochemical mapping.

Keywords:
MALDESImass spectrometry imagingsensitivity enhancement

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Imaging of Biological Tissues by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
06:21

Imaging of Biological Tissues by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Published on: July 12, 2013

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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Applications of the Single-probe: Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Single Cell Analysis under Ambient Conditions
15:00

Applications of the Single-probe: Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Single Cell Analysis under Ambient Conditions

Published on: June 14, 2016

Imaging of Biological Tissues by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
06:21

Imaging of Biological Tissues by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Published on: July 12, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular Imaging

Background:

  • Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) provides spatially resolved molecular analysis.
  • Orbitrap systems often employ data reduction, limiting low-abundance ion detection.
  • Sparse detection of low-abundance ions compromises spatial interpretation and quantitative accuracy in MSI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To improve the detection frequency and quantitative accuracy of low-abundance ions in Orbitrap MSI data.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of adjacent-pixel averaging on full-profile (unreduced) data.
  • To enhance biochemical mapping in complex biological tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an external high-performance data acquisition system to capture full-length transients.
  • Applied adjacent-pixel averaging to unreduced Orbitrap mass spectrometry imaging data.
  • Analyzed mouse brain and nonhuman primate vaginal tract tissues.

Main Results:

  • Pixel averaging increased low-abundance ion coverage from <10% to >90% in analyzed tissues.
  • Detection of highly abundant species remained unaffected by pixel averaging.
  • Quantitative accuracy improved, evidenced by better agreement in isotopic ratios and LC-MS/MS comparisons.

Conclusions:

  • Adjacent-pixel averaging is a simple, powerful strategy to enhance MSI sensitivity for low-abundance ions.
  • This technique improves spatial interpretation and quantitative accuracy in complex tissues.
  • Pixel averaging is fully compatible with other sensitivity-enhancing MSI techniques.