Related Experiment Videos
Perinatal Outcomes in Pregnancies With Type 2 Diabetes and Weight Gain Less Than 5 Kilograms
Kundai Crites1, Kelsey Pape1, Katie Sherman1
1Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.
Diabetes Care
|May 28, 2026
Summary
Restricted weight gain (less than 5 kg) in pregnant individuals with type 2 diabetes was linked to fewer adverse perinatal outcomes, including lower rates of large-for-gestational-age birth weight and hypertensive disorders.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Endocrinology
- Perinatal Medicine
Background:
- Type 2 diabetes in pregnancy presents risks for adverse maternal and infant outcomes.
- Managing maternal weight gain is a critical factor in optimizing perinatal health for individuals with diabetes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between restricted maternal weight gain (less than 5 kg) and various perinatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by type 2 diabetes.
- To determine if limited weight gain influences risks for conditions like large-for-gestational-age birth weight, neonatal intensive care unit admission, hypertensive disorders, and preterm birth.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cohort study involving 954 pregnant individuals with type 2 diabetes.
- Comparison of perinatal outcomes between groups with weight gain <5 kg and ≥5 kg.
- Logistic regression analysis adjusted for relevant covariates.
Main Results:
- A weight gain of <5 kg was significantly associated with reduced odds of large-for-gestational-age birth weight (aOR 0.42), neonatal intensive care unit admission (aOR 0.74), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (aOR 0.56), and cesarean delivery (aOR 0.66).
- No significant increase was observed in small-for-gestational-age birth weight or preterm birth in the low weight gain group.
Conclusions:
- Limited maternal weight gain (<5 kg) during pregnancy in individuals with type 2 diabetes correlates with substantially lower rates of several adverse perinatal outcomes.
- Further research, including interventional studies, is warranted to explore strategies for limiting weight gain to improve maternal and child health outcomes.
Related Concept Videos
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
01:20Pathophysiology of Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...
01:26Type II Diabetes I: Introduction
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
01:36Carbohydrate Metabolism
Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in the...
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in the...
01:25Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...