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Related Concept Videos

Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Secretion01:15

Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Secretion

Once the process of glomerular filtration is completed, blood carrying unfiltered drug molecules traverses through efferent arterioles and makes its way into the peritubular capillaries in the proximal tubule. A variety of carriers play a pivotal role in actively secreting drugs from these peritubular capillaries into the tubular fluid. The organic anion transporter transfers acidic drugs, against an electrochemical gradient, from the peritubular capillaries into the renal tubule cells and...
Physiology of the Genitourinary System II: Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion01:22

Physiology of the Genitourinary System II: Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion

The kidneys maintain homeostasis through filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. Tubular reabsorption and secretion are crucial in forming urine and regulating electrolytes, water balance, and waste elimination.Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion ProcessesTubular reabsorption is the process that reclaims essential substances such as electrolytes, glucose, amino acids, and water from the glomerular filtrate back into the bloodstream. This is achieved through passive and active transport...
Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Reabsorption01:25

Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Reabsorption

Tubular reabsorption, a process occurring post-glomerular filtration of drugs in the renal tubule, is a critical determinant of drug half-life. During the process of renal excretion, as the glomerular filtrate progresses to the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), drugs that are highly permeable, lipophilic, and nonionized undergo passive reabsorption from the tubular fluid into the surrounding peritubular capillaries. This reabsorption process restricts their elimination through the kidneys. This...
Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Secretion01:28

Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Secretion

Active tubular secretion is a robust, energy-demanding process that utilizes carrier systems to transport drugs into renal tubules. The active renal secretion systems include the organic anion transporter (OAT) for weak acids and the organic cation transporter (OCT) for weak bases. Structurally similar drugs can compete for the same transporter, potentially leading to drug accumulation and toxicity. However, this principle can be exploited therapeutically. One example is probenecid (Probalan),...
Introduction to Urinary System01:13

Introduction to Urinary System

The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder, and the urethra.
The kidneys are bean-shaped organs located in the retroperitoneal space, on either side of the vertebral column, between the T12 and L3 vertebrae. They are partially protected by the rib cage and surrounded by perirenal fat, which provides cushioning. They are responsible for urine formation and play critical roles in regulating blood pressure, electrolyte levels, and hormone production. The ureters...
Hepatic Drug Clearance: Role of Transporters01:14

Hepatic Drug Clearance: Role of Transporters

In the liver and bile canaliculi, influx and efflux transporters modification can influence intrinsic clearance. Transporters play a significant role in moving drugs within liver cells. Elaborate models, such as the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS), are essential to relate transporters to drug disposition. This system categorizes drugs into four classes based on solubility and permeability, providing insights into elimination routes and the effects of transporters following oral...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Identification of the Source of Secreted Proteins in the Kidney by Brefeldin A Injection
10:15

Identification of the Source of Secreted Proteins in the Kidney by Brefeldin A Injection

Published on: November 10, 2021

Kidney dysfunction regulates gut transporters.

Mara Lauriola1, Sander Dejongh1, Sebastian Steigert2

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Belgium; Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapie
|May 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) alters gut transporter proteins, with uremic toxins and dysbiosis downregulating key efflux transporters like P-gp and BCRP. Targeting microbial activity may restore gut transport function.

Keywords:
AbsorptionGut-kidney axisIntestinal transportersUremic toxins

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Isolation of Primary Human Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells and Their Use in Creating a Microphysiological Model of the Renal Proximal Tubule
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Isolation of Primary Human Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells and Their Use in Creating a Microphysiological Model of the Renal Proximal Tubule

Published on: May 9, 2025

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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Identification of the Source of Secreted Proteins in the Kidney by Brefeldin A Injection
10:15

Identification of the Source of Secreted Proteins in the Kidney by Brefeldin A Injection

Published on: November 10, 2021

Isolation of Primary Human Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells and Their Use in Creating a Microphysiological Model of the Renal Proximal Tubule
07:06

Isolation of Primary Human Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells and Their Use in Creating a Microphysiological Model of the Renal Proximal Tubule

Published on: May 9, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Nephrology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • The gut-kidney axis plays a critical role in chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  • CKD progression leads to uremic toxin accumulation, gut dysbiosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation.
  • These changes can impact the expression of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) proteins in the gut.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the colonic expression of ADME proteins in CKD patients.
  • To explore the mechanisms modulating ADME protein expression in the context of CKD.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of RNA and protein expression of gut transporters, enzymes, and receptors in colon biopsies from CKD patients and healthy volunteers.
  • Induction of CKD in rats with 5/6th nephrectomy and administration of an antibiotic cocktail to assess the role of the gut microbiome.
  • In vitro studies using Caco-2 cells exposed to human serum or fecal water from CKD patients.

Main Results:

  • CKD was associated with downregulated colonic efflux transporter proteins P-gp, MRP3, and BCRP.
  • P-gp downregulation was linked to aromatic gut microbiome-derived uremic toxins.
  • CKD rats showed altered Mdr1a and Bcrp expression, influenced by the gut microbiome.

Conclusions:

  • Confirmed significant kidney-gut crosstalk in CKD, impacting gut transport physiology.
  • Uremic environment and gut dysbiosis downregulate crucial transporters like P-gp and BCRP.
  • Therapies targeting microbial activity show promise for managing gut transport dysfunction in CKD.