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Uncovering the role of microRNAs in response to interferon-beta therapy among multiple sclerosis patients: A

Mitra Pourseirafi1, Seyed Reza Mousavi1, Anoosha Niazmand2

  • 1Cellular, Molecular and Genetics Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders
|May 28, 2026
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) significantly impact interferon-beta (IFN-β) treatment response in multiple sclerosis (MS). Identifying these miRNAs could lead to personalized MS therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Genetics
  • Pharmacogenomics

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common neurodegenerative disorder affecting young adults.
  • Interferon-beta (IFN-β) is a standard MS treatment, but patient responses vary widely.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are increasingly recognized for their role in immune responses and treatment variability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the role of miRNAs in the efficacy, response, and mechanisms of IFN-β therapy in MS patients.
  • To identify specific miRNAs associated with IFN-β treatment outcomes in MS.
  • To explore the molecular pathways influenced by miRNAs in the context of IFN-β therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines, searching major databases up to 2025.
  • Inclusion of studies on miRNA expression in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients comparing responders to non-responders.
  • Weighted vote-counting synthesis for miRNA significance, followed by target prediction, network construction (miRNA-target, PPI), and pathway enrichment analysis.

Main Results:

  • 13 studies analyzed, reporting on over 184 miRNAs related to IFN-β therapy.
  • Significantly dysregulated miRNAs identified include miR-29b, miR-504, miR-185-5p, and miR-27a.
  • Pathway analysis revealed involvement of miRNAs and hub genes in immune regulation, interferon signaling, and neuroinflammation.

Conclusions:

  • Findings highlight miRNA-mediated mechanisms influencing IFN-β treatment in RRMS.
  • Identified miRNAs and pathways offer potential for developing targeted and personalized MS treatment strategies.
  • This review provides insights into optimizing IFN-β therapy efficacy through a miRNA-centric approach.
Keywords:
BiomarkerDrug responseInterferon-betaMicroRNAMultiple sclerosis

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