Artificial intelligence in general surgery: A national survey on knowledge, utilization, and future expectations

Area of Science:

• Medical Technology
• Surgical Innovation
• Artificial Intelligence in Medicine

Background:

• Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly prevalent in healthcare, but its adoption in surgical practice is lagging.
• Understanding surgeons' views on AI is crucial for its effective and ethical integration into surgical settings.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess general surgeons' knowledge, utilization, perceived benefits, risks, and expectations regarding AI in surgery.
• To identify factors influencing surgeons' perspectives on AI integration.

Main Methods:

• A national cross-sectional study involving 364 general surgeons in Turkey.
• Data collected via survey between May and June 2025, assessing AI knowledge, daily and clinical use, perceived benefits (e.g., preoperative planning, risk prediction), risks (e.g., ethical challenges, skill erosion), and expectations.
• Analysis of surgeon demographics (age, academic status) and their correlation with AI engagement.

Main Results:

• While most surgeons follow AI developments and are adaptable, only 30.5% possess above-average medical AI knowledge.
• AI use is higher in daily life (76.9%) than in scientific writing (45.9%) or clinical practice (36.0%).
• Surgeons anticipate benefits in planning and prediction but are cautious about intraoperative support. Younger, academic surgeons are more optimistic; experienced surgeons are more reserved. Ethical concerns and potential skill erosion are significant worries.

Conclusions:

• Surgeons exhibit strong interest and adaptability towards AI but lack formal training and widespread clinical integration.
• AI is primarily viewed as a supportive tool, not a replacement for surgical expertise.
• There is a clear need for structured education, standardized guidelines, and ethical frameworks to facilitate responsible and equitable AI adoption in surgical care.