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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Mining Spatial Transcriptomics Datasets using DeepSpaceDB
10:16

Mining Spatial Transcriptomics Datasets using DeepSpaceDB

Published on: September 5, 2025

Spatial transcriptomics redraws the olfactory map.

Per Uhlén1

  • 1Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Cell
|May 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Olfactory receptor organization is not zonal but occurs along continuous gradients. This finding reveals a new molecular code linking receptor expression to neural targeting in the olfactory system.

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Quadruple Immunostaining of the Olfactory Bulb for Visualization of Olfactory Sensory Axon Molecular Identity Codes
06:32

Quadruple Immunostaining of the Olfactory Bulb for Visualization of Olfactory Sensory Axon Molecular Identity Codes

Published on: June 5, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Mining Spatial Transcriptomics Datasets using DeepSpaceDB
10:16

Mining Spatial Transcriptomics Datasets using DeepSpaceDB

Published on: September 5, 2025

Quadruple Immunostaining of the Olfactory Bulb for Visualization of Olfactory Sensory Axon Molecular Identity Codes
06:32

Quadruple Immunostaining of the Olfactory Bulb for Visualization of Olfactory Sensory Axon Molecular Identity Codes

Published on: June 5, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The traditional zonal model proposed distinct regions for olfactory receptor expression.
  • This model lacked detailed molecular and spatial understanding of receptor organization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the spatial organization of olfactory receptors.
  • To determine the relationship between olfactory receptor expression and axonal targeting.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized image-based spatial transcriptomics.
  • Analyzed gene expression patterns in olfactory tissues.

Main Results:

  • Olfactory receptors are organized along continuous spatial gradients, not discrete zones.
  • Receptor positions are reproducible across individuals.
  • A shared molecular code links receptor identity to specific axonal projections.

Conclusions:

  • The zonal model of olfactory receptor organization is overturned.
  • Spatial gradients and molecular codes dictate olfactory receptor placement and neural connectivity.
  • This provides a new framework for understanding olfactory system development and function.