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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes01:28

Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes

The human leg comprises an intricate system of muscles that facilitate the movement of feet and toes. Within this system, the muscles are categorized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments, each with a unique set of muscles carrying out specific functions.
Anterior Compartment
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Diabetic Foot Ulcer01:31

Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Definition A diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a chronic, non-healing wound that develops in individuals with diabetes. It typically occurs on pressure-bearing areas such as the heel, metatarsal heads, or hallux, and carries a high risk of infection and amputation.Pathophysiology • The development of DFUs can be explained by four interconnected mechanisms: neuropathy, ischemia, infection, and impaired wound healing. • Neuropathy is the most common factor. Sensory neuropathy reduces pain perception,...
Diabetic Neuropathy01:22

Diabetic Neuropathy

DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...
Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula01:10

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
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Pulse Assessment Sites

Pulse assessment sites are crucial in evaluating a patient's cardiovascular health. By assessing the pulsations of arteries at specific anatomical locations, healthcare professionals can gather valuable information about blood flow, heart rate, and peripheral circulation. Understanding these pulse assessment sites is essential for conducting comprehensive cardiovascular evaluations and monitoring patients' overall health. These sites are strategically chosen due to the accessibility and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Evaluating the Function of the Foot Core System in the Elderly
08:25

Evaluating the Function of the Foot Core System in the Elderly

Published on: March 11, 2022

Neuropathic Deformities of the Lesser Toes.

Emilio Wagner1, Pablo Wagner1

  • 1Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology, Clinica Alemana, VItacura 5951, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile; Universidad Del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.

Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery
|May 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neuropathic lesser toe deformities, like claw, hammer, and mallet toes, involve stiff joints. Surgical correction often uses interphalangeal joint fusions and tenotomies for good outcomes.

Keywords:
Claw toesHammer toesLesser toes deformitiesMallet toesNeurologicRigid toes

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An Anatomical Study of Nerves at Risk During Minimally Invasive Hallux Valgus Surgery
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An Anatomical Study of Nerves at Risk During Minimally Invasive Hallux Valgus Surgery

Published on: February 17, 2018

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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Evaluating the Function of the Foot Core System in the Elderly
08:25

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Published on: March 11, 2022

An Anatomical Study of Nerves at Risk During Minimally Invasive Hallux Valgus Surgery
15:04

An Anatomical Study of Nerves at Risk During Minimally Invasive Hallux Valgus Surgery

Published on: February 17, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Neuromuscular Disorders
  • Podiatry

Background:

  • Neuropathic deformities of the lesser toes encompass various neuromuscular conditions.
  • Stiff lesser toe deformities include claw toes, hammer toes, and mallet toes.
  • Understanding joint positioning (flexed or extended) is crucial for surgical planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe neuropathic lesser toe deformities.
  • To outline surgical approaches for correcting these deformities.
  • To report expected outcomes and revision rates.

Main Methods:

  • Surgical intervention focuses on addressing specific joint deformities.
  • Interphalangeal joint fusions are the primary surgical procedure.
  • Adjunctive soft tissue procedures, such as extensor or flexor tenotomies, are utilized.

Main Results:

  • Surgical correction effectively addresses the underlying joint issues.
  • Interphalangeal joint fusions combined with tenotomies yield good results.
  • Low revision rates are associated with these surgical techniques.

Conclusions:

  • Neuropathic lesser toe deformities can be successfully treated surgically.
  • Joint-specific surgical planning and execution are key to positive outcomes.
  • The described surgical methods offer a reliable solution with minimal need for revision.