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Related Concept Videos

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents01:17

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents

Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a wide range of substances, each with its unique mechanism of action, uses, and potential adverse effects.
Melatonin congeners like ramelteon (Rozerem) and tasimelteon (Hetlioz) selectively bind to melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) and thus mimic the actions of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Tasimelteon is primarily used for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, common in blind patients. They are also used to treat conditions like insomnia...
Sedatives and Hypnotics: Overview01:23

Sedatives and Hypnotics: Overview

Sedatives are drugs that alleviate anxiety, while hypnotics induce sleep. Both classes of medication suppress neuronal activity, leading to a calming effect for sedatives and facilitating sleep for hypnotics.
Sedative-hypnotics are categorized into barbiturates, benzodiazepines (BZDs), and non-benzodiazepines or Z-drugs. These drugs work by suppressing central nervous system activity, and this suppression is dose-dependent. Older sedative medications, like barbiturates, follow a linear curve in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study
07:30

Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study

Published on: August 18, 2020

Investigating Bidirectional Causal Relationships Between Imaging-Derived Brain Phenotypes and Sedative-Hypnotic Use

Liqin Lu1, Guoxin Zhuang1, Jue Deng2

  • 1Department of Forensic Science, Fujian Police College, Fuzhou, China.

Addiction Biology
|May 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Sedative-hypnotic use disorder (SHUD) susceptibility is linked to specific brain structure and function variations. This study identifies neurobiological markers in temporal-limbic and salience systems, offering insights into SHUD

Keywords:
Mendelian randomizationimaging‐derived brain phenotypessedative‐hypnotic use disorder

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study
07:30

Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study

Published on: August 18, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging Genetics
  • Psychiatric Disorders
  • Addiction Research

Background:

  • Sedative-hypnotic use disorder (SHUD) poses significant public health challenges due to high abuse potential.
  • The neurobiological underpinnings of individual susceptibility to SHUD are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal relationship between brain imaging-derived phenotypes (IDPs) and SHUD risk using a large-scale, bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study.
  • To identify specific brain structural and functional characteristics associated with SHUD susceptibility.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for 3,935 brain IDPs from UK Biobank and SHUD data from FinnGen.
  • Employed inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method with sensitivity analyses (MR-Egger, weighted median, MR-PRESSO) for causal effect estimation.
  • Applied Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) correction for multiple testing.

Main Results:

  • Identified 34 brain IDPs causally associated with SHUD risk.
  • Increased SHUD susceptibility linked to higher cortical thickness in temporal regions, altered white-to-grey matter contrast in insula and parahippocampal gyrus.
  • Reduced risk associated with larger brainstem volume, better white matter integrity in the cingulum, and specific functional connectivity patterns (salience network, visual-somatomotor networks).

Conclusions:

  • Established a causal link between SHUD susceptibility and specific brain structural and functional traits, particularly involving the temporal-limbic and salience systems.
  • Findings provide novel mechanistic insights into the neurobiology of SHUD.
  • Identified potential neuroimaging biomarkers for risk stratification and therapeutic target development in SHUD.