[Research progress on the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy]

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Hepatology
• Internal Medicine

Background:

• Liver cirrhosis frequently presents with cardiovascular complications, notably hyperdynamic circulatory states and myocardial damage.
• These complications include increased cardiac output, peripheral vasodilation, decreased mean blood pressure, and impaired cardiac function.

Purpose of the Study:

• To summarize the cardiovascular lesions associated with liver cirrhosis, including cirrhotic cardiomyopathy.
• To explore the multifactorial pathogenesis of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy.
• To review current and potential therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on liver cirrhosis and cardiovascular complications.
• Analysis of the pathophysiology involving various biological systems and molecules.
• Evaluation of existing and experimental treatment options.

Main Results:

• Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy is characterized by systolic/diastolic dysfunction, chamber enlargement/hypertrophy, and electrophysiological changes.
• Pathogenesis involves nitric oxide, inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, autonomic dysfunction, endocannabinoid system, and ion channels.
• Current treatments are largely based on animal models, with albumin demonstrating clinical efficacy.

Conclusions:

• Cardiovascular complications are integral to liver cirrhosis, manifesting as hyperdynamic states and cirrhotic cardiomyopathy.
• The pathogenesis is complex and multifactorial, involving numerous signaling pathways.
• Albumin represents a clinically relevant therapeutic option for cirrhotic cardiomyopathy.