A Revised View on Equine Hypertriglyceridemia, Hyperlipidemia, and Hyperlipemia.

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Medicine
• Equine Health
• Endocrinology

Background:

• Hypertriglyceridemia (high triglyceride levels) is prevalent in equids, often linked to negative energy balance.
• Elevated TG concentrations are observed in horses with endocrinopathies, atypical myopathy, liver disease, and following SGLT2 inhibitor treatment.
• Equids may exhibit significantly increased TG without apparent clinical signs, necessitating a reevaluation of its effects.

Purpose of the Study:

• To reevaluate the clinical significance and effects of hypertriglyceridemia in equids.
• To investigate the implications of elevated triglyceride concentrations in horses, particularly when clinical signs are absent.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on equine hypertriglyceridemia.
• Analysis of case studies involving equids with elevated triglyceride levels.
• Correlation of triglyceride concentrations with clinical presentation and underlying conditions.

Main Results:

• Hypertriglyceridemia in equids can be secondary to various conditions, including negative energy balance and specific diseases.
• Increased TG levels are documented in horses with endocrinopathies, atypical myopathy, severe liver disease, and after SGLT2 inhibitor use.
• A significant subset of affected equids may not display overt clinical symptoms despite markedly elevated TG.

Conclusions:

• The clinical consequences of hypertriglyceridemia in equids are not fully elucidated.
• Management strategies should focus on reducing TG by addressing the underlying cause, such as achieving a positive energy balance or treating endocrine disorders.
• Discontinuation of causative medications like SGLT2 inhibitors is indicated when appropriate.