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Liver Histology

Liver Histology

The microscopic anatomy of the liver is a complex and intricate system that comprises numerous structural units known as liver lobules, each of which is comparable in size to a sesame seed. These hexagonal structures consist of plates of liver cells or hepatocytes, which are characterized by their versatility and abundance of cellular apparatus like rough and smooth ER, Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, and mitochondria.
Hepatocytes perform a variety of essential functions. They secrete...

Gross Anatomy of the Liver

Gross Anatomy of the Liver

The liver, the largest gland within the human body, is a firm and reddish-brown organ. This wedge-shaped structure weighs approximately 1.5 kg and occupies a significant portion of the right hypochondriac and epigastric regions. It extends more to the right of the body's midline than to the left.
Located under the diaphragm, the liver is almost entirely ensconced within the rib cage, providing it with substantial protection. Except for the superior most bare area, the liver's surface is covered...

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology

Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver injury caused by prolonged inflammation, excessive fibrotic remodeling, and impaired regeneration. Over time, repeated hepatic insults disrupt the liver’s architecture and function, leading to reduced blood flow, impaired bile drainage, and diminished metabolic capacity.Pathophysiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis arises from three main responses to chronic liver damage: inflammation, immune activation, and hepatocyte death. These processes lead to structural...

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

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Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...

Liver Physiology

Liver Physiology

The liver, an essential organ in the human body, performs over 200 vital functions that can be broadly categorized into metabolic, hematological, endocrine regulation, and bile production.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Generation of Functional Endodermal Hepatic Organoids

Generation of Functional Endodermal Hepatic Organoids

Published on: May 2, 2025

Equine Liver Histopathology.

Mason C Jager¹

¹Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, 618 Tower Road, VRT T5-010D, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Equine Practice

|May 28, 2026

Summary

This review outlines optimal equine liver biopsy procedures, from sample collection to interpretation, aiming to improve diagnostic accuracy for veterinarians and pathologists. It highlights communication

Keywords:

Hepatopathology Histochemical stains Histologic artifact Histopathology In situ hybridization Liver biopsy

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A Mouse Model of the Associating Liver Partition and Portal Vein Ligation for Staged Hepatectomy Procedure Aided by Microscopy

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Published on: January 19, 2024

Area of Science:

Veterinary Medicine
Hepatology
Diagnostic Pathology

Background:

Equine liver disease diagnosis often relies on liver biopsy.
Standardized best practices are crucial for accurate interpretation.
Variability in sample handling can affect diagnostic yield.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize best practices for equine liver biopsy.
To provide guidance on sample collection, handling, and interpretation.
To enhance diagnostic and prognostic value through optimized procedures.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature and expert consensus on equine liver biopsy.
Discussion of techniques for sample acquisition and preservation.
Analysis of interpretive frameworks and diagnostic challenges.

Main Results:

Detailed best practices for performing equine liver biopsies.
Strategies to minimize sampling error and observer variability.
Integration of ancillary tests like immunohistochemistry.

Conclusions:

Adherence to standardized protocols maximizes diagnostic utility of equine liver biopsies.
Effective communication between clinicians and pathologists is vital.
Optimized biopsy procedures improve patient prognostication.