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Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

Cell Membrane Vesicles Encapsulating Il24 mRNA With Enriched CD6 Display Exhibit Enhanced Targeted Antitumor

Dandan Wang¹, Ruofan Gao¹, Duo Liu²

¹Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P. R. China.

Journal of Extracellular Vesicles

|May 28, 2026

Summary

This study introduces a novel cell membrane vesicle (CMV) platform for targeted mRNA cancer therapy. Engineered CMVs deliver Il24 mRNA specifically to tumors, enhancing efficacy and reducing toxicity.

Keywords:

anti‐tumour cell membrane vesicles il24 MRNA targeted therapy

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Published on: May 27, 2011

Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Cancer Research
Immunotherapy

Background:

mRNA therapeutics offer transient protein expression for cancer treatment but lack targeted delivery.
Effective and tumor-specific delivery systems are crucial for advancing mRNA-based cancer therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and evaluate a cell membrane vesicle (CMV)-based delivery platform for targeted mRNA therapy.
To engineer CMVs for selective delivery of Interleukin-24 (Il24) mRNA to CD166-overexpressing tumor cells using the CD6-CD166 targeting axis.

Main Methods:

NIH-3T3 cell-derived CMVs were engineered to express CD6 for biomimetic targeting.
Il24 mRNA was loaded into CD6-CMVs using a digitonin-assisted permeabilization strategy.
In vitro and in vivo studies were conducted in cancer cell lines and mouse models.

Main Results:

Engineered CD6-CMVs achieved efficient Il24 mRNA loading and sustained intracellular release.
CD6-CMVs demonstrated enhanced tumor cell uptake, increased IL-24 expression, and induced apoptosis and autophagy.
In vivo studies showed effective tumor targeting, potent anti-tumor efficacy, and a pro-inflammatory tumor microenvironment with minimal toxicity.

Conclusions:

The developed CMV platform is scalable, exhibits low immunogenicity, and enables targeted mRNA delivery for cytokine expression.
This approach offers a promising strategy for precision immunotherapy in solid tumors.