Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors

Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors

Nuclear receptors, or NRs, are unique transcription factors that regulate gene transcription and affect the cellular pathways involved in reproduction, development, or metabolism. Their ability to be stimulated by small lipophilic ligands and control vital cellular processes makes them ideal drug targets. Nearly 10-15% of currently prescribed drugs target these receptors.
About 48 different soluble family members of nuclear receptors are identified that can be divided into two main classes:

Signal Transduction: Overview

Signal Transduction: Overview

Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. They respond to chemical signals, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and other signaling molecules, initiating a series of molecular reactions to produce an appropriate response. This is called signal transduction. Cells also coordinate different responses elicited by the same signaling molecule via mediators, allowing molecular cross-talk.
Typically, signal transduction involves three...

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The heterodimer of NF-κB...

Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors

Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors

Enzyme-linked receptors are cell-surface receptors acting as an enzyme or associating with an enzyme intracellularly. They make excellent drug targets. Drugs can bind to the extracellular ligand-binding domain or directly affect their enzymatic domain and alter their activity.
Major types that are helpful drug targets include:

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as SH2...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Polymicrobial Sepsis-Induced Changes in Hepatic Stellate Cell Communication in Male C57BL/6J Mice.

Cells·2026

Same author

Metabolism meets immunity: TCA-cycle activation protects the vulnerable newborn.

EMBO molecular medicine·2026

Same author

PPARα: Linking Cardiac Metabolism to Therapeutic Opportunities in Cardiovascular Diseases.

Cells·2026

Same author

Hypothalamic regulation of sepsis-associated anorexia: cytokine and hormonal signalling through AgRP/POMC circuits.

EMBO molecular medicine·2026

Same author

A Convenient Laboratory-Scale Synthesis Route Toward the PPARα Agonist Pemafibrate.

ChemistryOpen·2026

Same author

Biologically Younger Individuals, as Identified by MARK-AGE Biological Age Scores, Display a Distinct Favourable Blood Chemistry Profile Regardless of Age.

Aging cell·2026

Same journal

DAX-1 in sex determination and gonadal development: revisiting the anti-testis hypothesis.

Endocrine reviews·2026

Same journal

Regulators of Appetite in Mammals - Old and New players.

Endocrine reviews·2026

Same journal

Endometriosis-associated Pain: Mechanism, Neuroimmune Signature, and Translational Precision Strategies.

Endocrine reviews·2026

Same journal

Beyond aldosterone and renin: emerging biomarkers for diagnosing and subtyping primary aldosteronism.

Endocrine reviews·2026

Same journal

Glucocorticoids in pregnancy: A master-switch for fetal maturation.

Endocrine reviews·2026

Same journal

Insulin/IGF signaling in islet biology and its therapeutic implications.

Endocrine reviews·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

A Reproducible Intensive Care Unit-Oriented Endotoxin Model in Rats

A Reproducible Intensive Care Unit-Oriented Endotoxin Model in Rats

Published on: February 20, 2021

Nuclear Receptors Shape Sepsis Pathophysiology.

Matyas Jelinek^1,2,3, Karolien De Bosscher^3,4, Claude Libert^1,2

¹Center for Inflammation Research, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Ghent, Belgium.

Endocrine Reviews

|May 28, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Sepsis disrupts immune and metabolic balance by suppressing nuclear receptors (NRs). Restoring NR activity may offer new therapies for this life-threatening condition.

Keywords:

inflammation metabolism nuclear receptor sepsis therapy

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

A Reproducible Intensive Care Unit-Oriented Endotoxin Model in Rats

A Reproducible Intensive Care Unit-Oriented Endotoxin Model in Rats

Published on: February 20, 2021

Area of Science:

Immunology
Metabolic Disorders
Molecular Biology

Background:

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition with high mortality and no specific treatments.
Immune and metabolic homeostasis are crucial in sepsis and regulated by nuclear receptors (NRs).
The role of NRs in sepsis pathophysiology is underappreciated despite their known roles in inflammation and metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the dysfunction of nuclear receptors (NRs) in sepsis.
To explore the potential of targeting NRs for improved sepsis patient outcomes.
To highlight the link between immune-metabolic homeostasis and NR activity in sepsis.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies on nuclear receptors in sepsis.
Analysis of emerging evidence on NR suppression by systemic inflammation.
Exploration of NR-targeted therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

Systemic inflammation in sepsis suppresses multiple nuclear receptors (NRs).
NR suppression contributes to immune dysfunction, metabolic failure, and poor sepsis outcomes.
Key NRs like HNF4α, RXR, and GR are implicated in sepsis pathophysiology.

Conclusions:

Nuclear receptor (NR) dysfunction is a significant factor in sepsis.
Targeting specific NRs offers potential therapeutic avenues to restore immune-metabolic balance.
Further research into NR biomarkers and therapeutic targeting is warranted for sepsis management.