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Randomized controlled trial evaluating mixed reality technology for training scrub nurses in anterior cervical spine
1Department of Operating Room, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, China.
Frontiers in Medicine
|May 29, 2026
Summary
Mixed Reality (MR) training significantly enhances scrub nurse preparedness for anterior cervical spine surgery (ACSS). This immersive approach improves knowledge, skills, and emergency response compared to traditional methods.
Area of Science:
- Surgical Education Technology
- Medical Simulation
- Nursing Training
Background:
- Mastery of instrument sequencing and spatial anatomy is critical for scrub nurses in anterior cervical spine surgery (ACSS).
- Conventional training methods lack immersive, three-dimensional practice opportunities essential for ACSS.
- Effective training is crucial for scrub nurses to ensure patient safety during complex procedures.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate a novel Mixed Reality (MR) training module's effectiveness against standard training for ACSS scrub nurse education.
- To compare theoretical knowledge, practical skills, and emergency response capabilities between MR and traditional training groups.
- To assess the impact of MR training on cognitive load and participant satisfaction.
Main Methods:
- A randomized controlled trial involving 60 nurses assigned to either an MR training group (n=30) or a traditional training group (n=30).
- The MR group utilized Microsoft HoloLens 2 for interactive 3D anatomy, virtual instrument handling, and emergency simulations.
- The control group received standard lectures and video-based instruction, with outcomes measured via theoretical, practical, and emergency response assessments, NASA-TLX for cognitive load, and satisfaction surveys.
Main Results:
- The MR group demonstrated significantly higher post-training scores in theoretical knowledge (92.47 vs. 86.33), practical performance (94.50 vs. 88.97), and emergency response (91.73 vs. 85.40) (p < 0.001 for all).
- Participants in the MR group reported significantly lower cognitive load (NASA-TLX: 28.60 vs. 36.43) (p < 0.001).
- Training satisfaction was markedly higher across all measured domains in the MR group (p < 0.001).
Conclusions:
- Immersive MR training is superior to traditional methods for developing essential knowledge, practical skills, and situational preparedness in ACSS scrub nurses.
- MR training enhances learning by reducing cognitive burden and increasing user engagement.
- This technology offers a valuable advancement for surgical nursing education and simulation.
