Physiology of invasive Plasmodium merozoites

Malaria, a life-threatening disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, relies on a specialized stage, the merozoite to invade red blood cells and multiply in the bloodstream. While much research has focused on the molecular interactions between merozoite and host cell surface, invasion is a complex process that also requires the parasite to move actively, sense its environment, and respond to signals such as changes in ions or contact with the red blood cell. These cues trigger precise biological responses, including the secretion of specialized organelles and activation of gliding motility, enabling the parasite to successfully enter the host cell. This review provides an overview of current understanding of merozoite physiology, highlighting how motility, signal sensing, and secretory organelle function are coordinated to drive invasion. By exploring these processes, we gain insights into potential strategies for malaria control and intervention.