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Plastic bronchitis: a narrative review of the classification methods and pathogenesis
Haoyu Wang1, Xiuhua Yu1, Qianqian Lin1
1Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Children's Medical Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Frontiers in Pediatrics
|May 29, 2026
Summary
Plastic bronchitis (PB) is a rare airway disorder. This review explores classifying PB into lymphatic versus eosinophilic subtypes for targeted diagnosis and treatment.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonology
- Rare Diseases
- Medical Classification
Background:
- Plastic bronchitis (PB) is a rare, life-threatening condition causing bronchial cast formation and airway obstruction.
- Current understanding and classification of PB are evolving.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the evolution of PB classification.
- To integrate evidence for a subtype-oriented framework: lymphatic vs. eosinophilic PB.
- To highlight implications for diagnosis and mechanism-based therapies.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science up to February 2026.
- Narrative review synthesizing clinical and experimental studies and reviews.
- Focus on classification, mechanisms, diagnostics, and therapies.
Main Results:
- Emerging evidence supports classifying PB into lymphatic and eosinophilic subtypes based on distinct etiologies and pathophysiology.
- Advanced lymphatic imaging and immunopathology are crucial for subtype-specific diagnosis.
- Mechanism-based treatment strategies beyond supportive care are being developed.
Conclusions:
- A subtype-oriented approach to PB classification is essential for improving diagnosis and guiding precision therapies.
- Further research is needed to refine diagnostic criteria and develop targeted treatments for PB subtypes.
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