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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Transfer of Manipulated Tumor-associated Neutrophils into Tumor-Bearing Mice to Study their Angiogenic Potential In Vivo
08:19

Transfer of Manipulated Tumor-associated Neutrophils into Tumor-Bearing Mice to Study their Angiogenic Potential In Vivo

Published on: July 20, 2019

Fangchinoline Activates cGAS-STING to Promote Antitumor Immunity without Pathological Inflammation.

Yang Zhao1,2, Xingyu Chen1, Yunfei Xie1,2

  • 1Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.

International Journal of Biological Sciences
|May 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Fangchinoline (Fan) is a novel dual immunomodulator that enhances anti-tumor immunity and controls inflammation by targeting cGAS. This discovery offers a potential strategy to improve cancer immunotherapy by broadening its therapeutic window.

Keywords:
PD-1 blockadecGAS-STINGcancer immunotherapyepigenetic regulationfangchinolinehyperinflammationmulti-omicstype I interferon

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Transfer of Manipulated Tumor-associated Neutrophils into Tumor-Bearing Mice to Study their Angiogenic Potential In Vivo
08:19

Transfer of Manipulated Tumor-associated Neutrophils into Tumor-Bearing Mice to Study their Angiogenic Potential In Vivo

Published on: July 20, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Effective cancer immunotherapy necessitates balancing tumor-directed immunity with controlled inflammation.
  • There is an unmet need for single agents capable of achieving this dual immunomodulatory effect.
  • Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) pathway are critical in innate immunity and inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize novel compounds with dual immunomodulatory properties for cancer immunotherapy.
  • To investigate the mechanism of action of fangchinoline (Fan) in modulating immune responses and inflammation.
  • To evaluate the therapeutic potential of Fan in preclinical cancer models and inflammatory conditions.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro assays using human and murine cell lines to assess Fan's effect on type I interferon production and cGAS activity.
  • In vivo studies using B16F10 melanoma and Pan02 pancreatic cancer mouse models to evaluate tumor growth suppression and immune activation.
  • Single-cell and multi-omics analyses to elucidate Fan's impact on the tumor microenvironment and inflammatory pathways.
  • Endotoxemia model to assess Fan's efficacy in controlling systemic inflammation.

Main Results:

  • Fangchinoline (Fan) robustly induced type I interferon production by directly binding and sensitizing cGAS, enhancing 2',3'-cGAMP synthesis.
  • Fan suppressed tumor growth in melanoma and pancreatic cancer models, enhanced intratumoral immune activation, and improved PD-1 blockade efficacy.
  • Fan attenuated LPS-induced inflammation in macrophages, reversed associated transcriptional changes, and improved survival in endotoxemia models.

Conclusions:

  • Fangchinoline (Fan) acts as a cGAS-targeting dual immunomodulator, effectively promoting anti-tumor immunity while controlling inflammatory toxicity.
  • Fan demonstrates potential as a therapeutic strategy to broaden the therapeutic window of immune activation in cancer treatment.
  • These findings establish Fan as a promising agent for developing more effective and safer cancer immunotherapies.