[Sepsis and septic shock - a comprehensive overview]

Sepsis and septic shock are complex pathological conditions that significantly influence patient prognoses and are among the leading causes of in-hospital mortality. This review focuses on current understanding of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of sepsis and septic shock, with an emphasis on recent advances and innovations that have emerged in the past few years, as well as their practical impact on clinical care. A comprehensive view of sepsis is presented, with particular attention given to the dysregulation of inflammatory and immune processes, as well as vascular endothelial damage leading to multiorgan dysfunction. These pathological changes contribute not only to the high mortality of sepsis, but also to long-term morbidity and late mortality among survivors. This review aims to highlight the complexity and interconnectedness of these mechanisms. Based on current knowledge, potential directions for improving care for septic patients are outlined, focusing on timely intervention and high-quality follow-up care. Keywords: sepsis, septic shock, diagnosis, therapy, mortality, morbidity.