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Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Repetitive IV Injections01:21

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Repetitive IV Injections

Calculating drug dosage and accumulation in multiple-dose regimens is crucial for achieving therapeutic efficacy while avoiding toxicity. This involves determining the plasma drug concentrations over time to optimize dosing schedules. The principle of superposition is fundamental in this process, allowing for the prediction of drug concentration in plasma following multiple doses based on single-dose data.The principle of superposition asserts that the plasma concentration-time curves from...
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The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
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In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
Specialized Care Centers and Settings-II01:30

Specialized Care Centers and Settings-II

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Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral01:25

Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral

The administration of drugs via parenteral routes allows for direct drug introduction into the systemic circulation, resulting in high bioavailability because the medication bypasses the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and hepatic metabolism.
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Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Drug Elimination for IV Bolus Injection00:59

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Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
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Characteristics of People Who Inject Drugs Approached for Injection Assistance in Rural Kentucky.

April Young1,2, Ryli Hockensmith1, Preston T Tolbert1

  • 1Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington, Kentucky.

Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs
|May 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Many people who inject drugs in rural Kentucky assist others with injections. Those approached for injection help have unmet harm reduction needs, indicating a need for improved syringe access and peer support interventions.

Keywords:
Appalachiaharm reductioninjection assistanceinjection drug use

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Substance Use Research

Background:

  • Injection assistance among people who inject drugs (PWID) is a recognized phenomenon.
  • Understanding the characteristics of PWID who provide injection assistance is crucial for targeted harm reduction strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize individuals who inject drugs and are approached by others for injection assistance in rural Appalachian Kentucky.
  • To identify unmet harm reduction needs within this population.

Main Methods:

  • A study recruited 435 rural adults who recently injected drugs in Appalachian Kentucky using peer-referral and outreach.
  • Interviewer-administered questionnaires collected data on participant demographics and experiences with injection assistance.
  • Descriptive statistics and generalized estimating equations were employed for data analysis.

Main Results:

  • Nearly one-third of participants reported providing injection assistance.
  • Individuals approached for assistance were more likely to have tested positive for HCV, shared syringes, used buprenorphine for non-medical purposes, witnessed overdoses, and used fentanyl test strips.
  • They were also more likely to have received safer injection education but less likely to perceive sterile syringes as easily accessible.

Conclusions:

  • Injection assistance is prevalent in rural Appalachian Kentucky.
  • Individuals approached for injection assistance exhibit significant unmet harm reduction needs.
  • Interventions should focus on enhancing syringe coverage and bolstering peer support systems for PWID in this region.