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Related Concept Videos

Toxicity Testing in Animals01:23

Toxicity Testing in Animals

Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...
Types of Toxins01:36

Types of Toxins

Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
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Toxic Reactions: Overview01:26

Toxic Reactions: Overview

When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
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Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
Genomics02:02

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Gene-Environment Interactions

Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Imaging Approaches to Assessments of Toxicological Oxidative Stress Using Genetically-encoded Fluorogenic Sensors
09:33

Imaging Approaches to Assessments of Toxicological Oxidative Stress Using Genetically-encoded Fluorogenic Sensors

Published on: February 7, 2018

Targetomics for the Exposome: Decoding the Molecular First Domino for Next-Generation Environmental Toxicology.

Ailin Zhao1, Ying Zhang2, Mingliang Fang1

  • 1Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.

Environmental Science & Technology
|May 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Targetomics offers a new framework to identify molecular initiating events (MIEs) for environmental chemicals. This approach improves mechanistic toxicology and risk assessment by mapping pollutant-protein interactions.

Keywords:
ChemoproteomicsEnvironmental toxicologyMechanism-based risk assessmentMolecular initiating events (MIEs)Multiomics

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Long-term Behavioral and Reproductive Consequences of Embryonic Exposure to Low-dose Toxicants
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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

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Published on: February 7, 2018

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07:08

Long-term Behavioral and Reproductive Consequences of Embryonic Exposure to Low-dose Toxicants

Published on: March 6, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Toxicology
  • Chemical Biology
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Growing environmental chemical presence necessitates mechanism-informed risk assessment.
  • Current methods struggle to define molecular initiating events (MIEs) due to narrow focus and difficulty distinguishing direct effects from downstream noise.
  • Lack of relevance to real-world exposures limits current toxicological approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce targetomics, an unbiased framework for identifying MIEs.
  • To overcome limitations in current toxicological approaches by leveraging proteome-wide pollutant-protein interactions.
  • To integrate with systems biology for a comprehensive understanding of chemical modes of action.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing global chemoproteomics for expanded target coverage.
  • Prioritizing MIEs through engagement specificity, multiomics convergence, and functional network analysis.
  • Enhancing real-world relevance by assessing mixture complexity, temporal dynamics, and organ-specific interactions.

Main Results:

  • The proposed targetomics framework enables unbiased identification of MIEs.
  • Integration of multiomics data and phenotypic information aids in prioritizing key initiating events.
  • The approach facilitates causal reconstruction of toxicity pathways from molecular interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Targetomics provides a robust method to decipher chemical interactions within biological systems.
  • This framework addresses the mechanistic "black box" in environmental toxicology.
  • Targetomics supports improved regulatory decision-making for complex exposure scenarios.