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Zwitterionic Powder-Based Gradient Adhesion-Lubrication Hydrogels for Efficient Hemostasis and Antiadhesion.

Siyao Lv¹, Jinshuai Zhang¹, Ying Sun¹

¹Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai 264006, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|May 29, 2026

Summary

A novel powder forms a hydrogel for rapid hemostasis and reduced postoperative adhesions. This advanced biomaterial, CS-PSBMA@OHA, offers superior wound control in emergency medicine and surgery.

Keywords:

gradient hydration hemostasis liquid-triggered postoperative antiadhesion self-gelling

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Hemostasis and Thrombosis
Regenerative Medicine

Background:

Uncontrolled hemorrhage from complex wounds is a major medical challenge.
Existing hemostatic agents have limitations in conformability, adhesion, and robustness.
There is a need for advanced biomaterials with integrated hemostatic and anti-adhesive properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To engineer a novel powder-based hydrogel (CS-PSBMA@OHA) for effective hemostasis.
To evaluate the hemostatic performance of the hydrogel in preclinical models.
To assess the anti-adhesive properties of the hydrogel to prevent postoperative adhesions.

Main Methods:

Development of a zwitterionic poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate)-grafted chitosan (CS-PSBMA) and oxidized hyaluronic acid (OHA) powder.
Induction of rapid liquid-triggered gelation to form a dual-network hydrogel upon contact with moist tissue.
Evaluation of hemostatic efficacy in rat liver laceration and femoral artery transection models.
Assessment of anti-adhesive properties in a rat intestinal adhesion model.

Main Results:

The CS-PSBMA@OHA powder rapidly formed a stable dual-network hydrogel with strong, sustained adhesion.
The hydrogel demonstrated superior hemostasis, significantly reducing blood loss and hemostasis time compared to controls.
The asymmetric adhesive interface of the hydrogel effectively mitigated postoperative adhesions in a preclinical model.

Conclusions:

The self-gelling powder-based hydrogel platform (CS-PSBMA@OHA) offers a promising solution for uncontrolled hemorrhage.
This novel biomaterial integrates rapid hemostasis with effective anti-adhesive properties.
The findings suggest potential clinical advantages for trauma and surgical applications.