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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the 20th century...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size reduction of the tissue.
Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy01:22

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...
The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:31

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Quantification of Cytokine-Induced Cell Death in Human Colonic Organoids Using Live Fluorescence Microscopy
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Quantification of Cytokine-Induced Cell Death in Human Colonic Organoids Using Live Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: August 2, 2024

Regulated cell death programs shaping cancer therapy.

Haiwen Luo1, Yingjie Guo2

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.

Cellular Oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)
|May 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Cancer therapy traditionally focused on apoptosis, but tumors utilize diverse regulated cell death pathways. Understanding these diverse death programs is key to improving cancer treatment outcomes.

Keywords:
ApoptosisCellular stressFerroptosisRegulated cell deathTherapy resistance

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Use of LysoTracker to Detect Programmed Cell Death in Embryos and Differentiating Embryonic Stem Cells
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Use of LysoTracker to Detect Programmed Cell Death in Embryos and Differentiating Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: October 11, 2012

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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Quantification of Cytokine-Induced Cell Death in Human Colonic Organoids Using Live Fluorescence Microscopy
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Published on: August 2, 2024

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Use of LysoTracker to Detect Programmed Cell Death in Embryos and Differentiating Embryonic Stem Cells
12:44

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Published on: October 11, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Medicine

Background:

  • Regulated cell death is crucial in cancer therapy, with apoptosis historically considered the primary mechanism.
  • Tumors employ a wide spectrum of regulated cell death programs beyond apoptosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diverse regulated cell death programs in cancer.
  • To highlight the plasticity of these pathways and their role in cancer progression and therapy resistance.
  • To emphasize mechanism-guided targeting of death pathways for improved cancer therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review integrating current understanding of regulated cell death programs.
  • Categorization of pathways into protein-governed, metabolism-driven, or stress-induced.
  • Analysis of the influence of these pathways on tumor progression, immune modulation, and therapy resistance.

Main Results:

  • Tumors utilize diverse regulated cell death pathways including apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, cuproptosis, and others.
  • These pathways exhibit distinct mechanistic principles and varying translational maturity.
  • Activation or suppression of these death programs impacts tumor progression, immune response, and resistance to therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Regulated cell death programs display significant plasticity in cancer.
  • Targeting specific death pathways offers therapeutic opportunities but may also promote tumor adaptation.
  • A mechanism-guided approach to targeting cell death pathways is essential for enhancing cancer therapy outcomes.