Early cardiometabolic dysfunction: subclinical indicators and sex-specific considerations
Casey G Turner1, Nina L Stute1, Devin K S Parker1
1School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States.
Summary
This review synthesizes early cardiometabolic dysfunction indicators in young adults, focusing on subclinical vascular, metabolic, and inflammatory markers. It aims to improve early detection and prevention strategies, considering biological sex differences.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Endocrinology
- Metabolic Research
Background:
- Cardiometabolic disease develops over decades, with research often focusing on established disease or traditional risk factors.
- Subclinical indicators of early cardiometabolic dysfunction in young adults are not well-characterized, hindering early detection and prevention.
- Cardiometabolic risk and disease exhibit differences based on biological sex.
Purpose of the Study:
- To synthesize subclinical indicators of early cardiometabolic dysfunction in young adults.
- To address the gap in understanding early-stage disease markers.
- To incorporate sex-specific considerations into the analysis of cardiometabolic health.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and synthesis of existing research.
- Identification of pathophysiologic indicators: vascular/endothelial, metabolic, inflammatory, and neuroendocrine.
- Inclusion of newly emerging targets and sex-specific data.
Main Results:
- Compilation of various subclinical markers indicative of early cardiometabolic dysfunction.
- Highlighting the importance of these markers for understanding disease pathogenesis.
- Identification of sex-specific differences in cardiometabolic risk indicators.
Conclusions:
- A comprehensive understanding of subclinical indicators is crucial for advancing early detection and prevention of cardiometabolic dysfunction.
- A novel conceptual framework is proposed to guide researchers and clinicians.
- Emphasizes the need for sex-specific approaches in managing cardiometabolic health from a young age.
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