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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Dehydration Synthesis01:15

Dehydration Synthesis

Overview
Dehydration synthesis (also called a condensation reaction) is the chemical process in which two molecules covalently link together to form a new molecule, along with the release of a water molecule. Many physiologically important compounds form by dehydration synthesis reactions, such as complex carbohydrates, proteins, DNA, and RNA.
Synthesis of carbohydrates
Sugar molecules are covalently linked together by dehydration synthesis. During the reaction, the hydroxyl (-OH) group from...
Dehydration of Aldols to Enals: Base-Catalyzed Aldol Condensation01:14

Dehydration of Aldols to Enals: Base-Catalyzed Aldol Condensation

This lesson delves into the aldol condensation catalyzed by bases, where aldols undergo dehydration to enals. As shown in Figure 1, the β-hydroxy aldehyde formed in a base-catalyzed aldol addition reaction dehydrates on heating to yield an unsaturated carbonyl product, which is commonly referred to as an enal.
Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation
06:16

mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation

Published on: May 1, 2021

Dehydration-induced condensation of AGO1 modulates miRNA functionality.

Hyun Ju Jung1, Tae Rin Oh2, Woorim Yang1

  • 1Department of Systems Biology, Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.

The Plant Cell
|May 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Plant dehydration tolerance is enhanced by ARGENTAUTE 1 (AGO1) protein phase separation, which temporarily reduces energy-intensive microRNA (miRNA) regulation during drought stress.

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Generating Homo- and Heterografts Between Watermelon and Bottle Gourd for the Study of Cold-responsive MicroRNAs
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Generating Homo- and Heterografts Between Watermelon and Bottle Gourd for the Study of Cold-responsive MicroRNAs

Published on: November 20, 2018

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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation
06:16

mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation

Published on: May 1, 2021

Generating Homo- and Heterografts Between Watermelon and Bottle Gourd for the Study of Cold-responsive MicroRNAs
07:22

Generating Homo- and Heterografts Between Watermelon and Bottle Gourd for the Study of Cold-responsive MicroRNAs

Published on: November 20, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression and are crucial for plant responses to environmental stresses like water deficiency.
  • The ARGENTAUTE 1 (AGO1) protein is a key component of the miRNA-induced silencing complex, mediating mRNA cleavage or translational repression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the ARGENTAUTE 1 (AGO1) protein's prion-like domain in plant responses to dehydration.
  • To elucidate the mechanism by which AGO1 functions under water-deficient conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of AGO1 protein behavior under dehydration stress in Arabidopsis thaliana.
  • Investigating the phenomenon of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in AGO1.
  • Assessing the impact of AGO1 condensation on miRNA regulatory activity and plant dehydration tolerance.

Main Results:

  • The prion-like domain of AGO1 facilitates topological changes and liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) under dehydration.
  • Dehydration-induced AGO1 condensation modulates its activity and enhances plant dehydration tolerance.
  • AGO1 condensation is reversible upon rehydration, restoring normal protein levels and miRNA regulation.

Conclusions:

  • AGO1 phase separation is an emergent property that helps plants cope with dehydration by attenuating energy-consuming miRNA pathways.
  • This mechanism provides a novel insight into plant stress tolerance at the molecular level.