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Local Interstellar Cloud Structure Imprinted in Antarctic Ice by Supernova ^{60}Fe.

Dominik Koll1,2,3, Annabel Rolofs1,4, Florian Adolphi5,6

  • 1Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Accelerator Mass Spectrometry and Isotope Research, Dresden, 01328, Germany.

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Scientists found traces of supernova-produced iron-60 (⁶⁰Fe) in Antarctic ice, dating back 40-81 kyr. This discovery suggests the Local Interstellar Cloud archives ⁶⁰Fe, revealing changes in our local space environment.

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Determining the Ice-binding Planes of Antifreeze Proteins by Fluorescence-based Ice Plane Affinity

Published on: January 15, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Cosmic rays and astrophysics
  • Paleoclimatology and Earth sciences
  • Nuclear astrophysics and geochemistry

Background:

  • The solar system is currently within the Local Interstellar Cloud (LIC), a region of interstellar space.
  • The origin of interstellar clouds like the LIC is uncertain, possibly linked to supernova shock waves.
  • Supernovae produce radionuclides, such as iron-60 (⁶⁰Fe), which could be archived in these clouds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if the Complex of Local Interstellar Clouds (CLIC) archives supernova-produced ⁶⁰Fe.
  • To analyze ice core samples for the presence and deposition rate of interstellar ⁶⁰Fe.
  • To reconstruct the history of the local interstellar environment over the past 80,000 years.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed 295 kg of an Antarctic ice core from Dronning Maud Land, spanning 40-81 kyr ago.
  • Used highly sensitive techniques to detect minuscule traces of the radionuclide ⁶⁰Fe.
  • Measured the ratio of ⁶⁰Fe to 53Mn and calculated the interstellar deposition rate.

Main Results:

  • Detected interstellar ⁶⁰Fe in the ice core, with an ⁶⁰Fe/⁵³Mn ratio of (8±5)×10⁻⁴.
  • Calculated an interstellar deposition rate of (0.22⁻⁰.¹²⁺⁰.¹⁴) ⁶⁰Fe atoms/cm²/yr.
  • Observed a significantly lower ⁶⁰Fe influx compared to recent Antarctic snow and marine sediment records (last 40 kyr).

Conclusions:

  • The Local Interstellar Cloud acts as a cosmic archive for supernova-produced ⁶⁰Fe.
  • The detected ⁶⁰Fe time profile indicates significant changes in the local interstellar environment over the last 80 kyr.
  • This provides evidence linking interstellar cloud properties to supernova dynamics and evolution.