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Updated: May 31, 2026

$Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene$

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Background-Free Intensity Autocorrelation for Femtosecond X-Ray Pulses.

Taito Osaka¹, Shotaro Matsumura², Masafumi Miyake²

¹RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan.

Physical Review Letters

|May 29, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a background-free method for measuring ultrashort x-ray pulses using x-ray second harmonic generation. This technique achieves attosecond time resolution, enabling precise analysis of x-ray temporal shaping.

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Area of Science:

Physics
Ultrafast Science
X-ray Optics

Background:

Measuring ultrashort x-ray pulses is crucial for studying ultrafast phenomena.
Existing methods often suffer from background noise, limiting temporal resolution.
Femtosecond x-ray pulses require advanced diagnostic tools for characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate a background-free intensity autocorrelation measurement for 10-keV femtosecond x-ray pulses.
To achieve attosecond temporal resolution for x-ray pulse characterization.
To verify temporal shaping of x-ray pulses using perfect crystals.

Main Methods:

Utilizing x-ray second harmonic generation (XSHG) in a quasicollinear geometry.
Employing a narrow phase-matching condition to selectively generate autocorrelation signals.
Achieving a geometric time resolution of approximately 1 attosecond.

Main Results:

Demonstrated background-free intensity autocorrelation measurements for femtosecond x-ray pulses.
Successfully revealed temporal modifications of x-ray pulses using an Si(311) monochromator.
Verified the capability of temporal shaping with perfect crystals.

Conclusions:

The developed XSHG method provides a robust tool for background-free x-ray pulse autocorrelation.
This technique enables precise characterization of x-ray temporal dynamics with attosecond resolution.
The method shows potential applicability for characterizing attosecond x-ray pulses.