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Ewan McCulloch1, J Alexander Jacoby2, Curt von Keyserlingk3

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In one-dimensional chaotic quantum systems, dephasing of quantum superpositions is surprisingly slow, decaying subexponentially. Rare low-entropy regions protect quantum coherence, a phenomenon beyond standard hydrodynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Condensed matter theory
  • Statistical mechanics

Background:

  • Chaotic quantum systems typically act as heat baths, causing rapid dephasing.
  • This rapid dephasing is expected to destroy local quantum superpositions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dephasing dynamics in one-dimensional chaotic quantum systems with conservation laws.
  • To determine if dephasing is always rapid or if alternative mechanisms exist.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of local correlation functions in 1D systems.
  • Consideration of systems with conservation laws and orthogonal operators.
  • Investigation of diffusion-limited dephasing mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Local correlation functions decay subexponentially (exp[-O(t^{α})], 0≤α≤2/3), not exponentially.
  • Rare low-entropy regions act as "voids" that protect quantum coherences.
  • Specific values found: α=1/2 in random charge-conserving circuits, α≤2/3 in Floquet systems.

Conclusions:

  • Dephasing in 1D chaotic systems with conservation laws is generically subexponential.
  • Diffusion-limited dephasing, driven by low-entropy regions, is a key mechanism.
  • This quantum effect is distinct from standard hydrodynamics and extrinsic dephasing.