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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

An Application for Pairing with Wearable Devices to Monitor Personal Health Status

An Application for Pairing with Wearable Devices to Monitor Personal Health Status

Published on: February 3, 2022

Wearable- and Mobile App-Based Activity Pacing and Fatigue Management in Post-COVID-19 Condition: Exploratory

Nana Yaw Aboagye¹, Mark R Baker¹, Kenneth Baker¹

¹NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, United Kingdom.

JMIR Formative Research

|May 29, 2026

Summary

Activity pacing strategies, like active and balanced pacing, improved same-day fatigue and energy for individuals with post-COVID-19 fatigue. However, results were limited by self-selection and individual differences, requiring further study.

Keywords:

activity pacing digital biomarkers fatigue long COVID mobile health post–COVID-19 condition wearables

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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

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Published on: February 3, 2022

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Methodology for Establishing a Community-Wide Life Laboratory for Capturing Unobtrusive and Continuous Remote Activity and Health Data

Published on: July 27, 2018

Area of Science:

Neurology
Rehabilitation Medicine
Digital Health

Background:

Millions experience persistent fatigue post-COVID-19, with limited evidence-based management.
Activity pacing, a strategy to regulate energy expenditure, may help manage symptoms, but optimal approaches are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the association between mobile app-delivered activity pacing strategies and daily fatigue levels in individuals with post-COVID-19 fatigue.

Main Methods:

An exploratory observational study involved 19 adults using wearables and a mobile app for 3 months.
Participants self-reported fatigue and energy, and selected pacing goals (light, balanced, active).
Mixed-effects linear models analyzed associations between pacing and symptom outcomes, controlling for covariates.

Main Results:

Active and balanced pacing were linked to reduced same-day fatigue and increased energy compared to light pacing.
Next-day symptom effects were not significant.
Substantial individual heterogeneity was observed, with 32% of variance attributed to between-person differences.

Conclusions:

Structured activity pacing strategies (active, balanced) improved same-day symptoms in post-COVID-19 fatigue.
Confounding by indication and individual heterogeneity limit causal interpretation.
Randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm efficacy and identify responders.