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Updated: May 31, 2026

A Non-invasive and Technically Non-intensive Method for Induction and Phenotyping of Experimental Bacterial Pneumonia in Mice
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A Non-invasive and Technically Non-intensive Method for Induction and Phenotyping of Experimental Bacterial Pneumonia in Mice

Published on: September 28, 2016

Intratracheal Lactobacillus rhamnosus attenuates poultry-house PM2.5-induced lung inflammation in broilers by

Kai Wang1, Cuiguang Li1, Kahiel Mohamed2

  • 1Research Centre for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of, Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.

Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
|May 29, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Poultry farm fine particulate matter (PM2.5) harms lung health by disrupting the microbiome. Lactobacillus rhamnosus administration protected lungs by restoring beneficial bacteria and metabolites.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Microbiology
  • Pulmonary Toxicology

Background:

  • Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from intensive farming poses respiratory health risks.
  • The lung microbiome's role in PM2.5 toxicity and its therapeutic potential are largely unknown.
  • Poultry-house PM2.5 is a complex bioaerosol with significant health implications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the pulmonary toxicity of poultry-house PM2.5.
  • To evaluate the protective effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) against PM2.5-induced lung injury.
  • To explore the impact of PM2.5 on the lung microbiome and host metabolism.

Main Methods:

  • Broiler chickens were exposed to poultry-house PM2.5.
  • Intratracheal administration of L. rhamnosus was used as an intervention.
  • 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics were employed for integrative analysis.
  • Lung pathology, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers were assessed.

Main Results:

  • PM2.5 exposure induced significant lung injury, oxidative stress, and inflammation.
  • PM2.5 disrupted the lung microbiota, decreasing Lactobacillus and increasing Escherichia-Shigella.
  • This dysbiosis was linked to suppressed tryptophan metabolism, specifically reduced indole derivatives like indole-3-lactic acid (ILA).
  • L. rhamnosus intervention reversed dysbiosis, restored ILA levels, and correlated with reduced inflammation and improved antioxidant capacity.

Conclusions:

  • Poultry-house PM2.5 causes lung toxicity by altering the lung microbiome and suppressing protective metabolites.
  • L. rhamnosus administration mitigates PM2.5-induced lung injury by restoring microbial balance and tryptophan metabolites.
  • Restoring key microbial metabolites, like ILA, presents a promising therapeutic strategy for bioaerosol-induced respiratory damage.
Keywords:
Broiler chickenIntratracheal administrationLactobacillus rhamnosusLung microbiota-metabolomicsPM(2).(5)

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