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Updated: May 31, 2026

The Participant-Reported Implementation Update and Score (PRIUS): A Novel Method for Capturing Implementation-Related Data Over Time
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Published on: February 19, 2021

Author adherence and experiences with PRISMA-P 2015: a cross-sectional study.

Mette B Engmose1, An-Wen Chan2, Kerry Dwan3

  • 1Cochrane Denmark and Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Odense (CEBMO), Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Open Patient data Exploratory Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.

Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
|May 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Systematic review protocol authors show low adherence to PRISMA-P 2015 guidelines, with six items often unreported. Authors suggest improvements for the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) guideline update.

Keywords:
AdherenceAuthor interviewPRISMA-P 2015Reporting guidelinesSystematic review protocolsSystematic reviews

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Area of Science:

  • Systematic reviews and meta-analysis protocols
  • Scientific reporting guidelines

Background:

  • Systematic reviews are crucial for evidence-based healthcare.
  • Clear, detailed protocols ensure review reproducibility and trustworthiness.
  • The PRISMA-P 2015 guideline aids authors in writing comprehensive systematic review protocols.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess adherence of systematic review protocol authors to the PRISMA-P 2015 guideline.
  • To explore authors' experiences and challenges with using PRISMA-P 2015.
  • To gather suggestions for improving the PRISMA-P 2015 guideline.

Main Methods:

  • Randomly sampled 100 systematic review protocols (50 PubMed, 50 OSF/PROSPERO).
  • Independently assessed adherence to 26 PRISMA-P 2015 items.
  • Conducted semi-structured interviews with 15 protocol authors using framework analysis.

Main Results:

  • Lower adherence to PRISMA-P 2015 in OSF/PROSPERO protocols (45% fully reported) compared to PubMed (60%).
  • Six items (e.g., protocol amendments, role of funder) were not reported in over 25% of protocols.
  • Eleven items were partially reported in over 25% of protocols; authors suggested guideline updates.

Conclusions:

  • Adherence to PRISMA-P 2015 is suboptimal, particularly for certain items and in specific protocol repositories.
  • Author interviews revealed valuable insights and suggestions for enhancing the PRISMA-P guideline.
  • Findings will inform the upcoming PRISMA-P 2015 update and improve protocol reporting quality.