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Yeast-derived vacuoles as potential therapeutic agents for modulating neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease

Han T N Nguyen1, Yoon-Young Hwang1, Ra-Mi Park2

  • 1Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-Gu, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea.

Nanomedicine : Nanotechnology, Biology, and Medicine
|May 29, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Yeast-derived vacuoles show potential for Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment. Oral administration reduced neuroinflammation markers and improved brain pathology in mouse models, suggesting a novel gut-brain therapeutic approach.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biotechnology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Neuroinflammation is a key driver of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology.
  • Alzheimer's disease involves amyloid precursor protein (APP)/amyloid-beta (Aβ) and Tau protein dysregulation.
  • Targeting neuroinflammation is crucial for AD therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate yeast-derived vacuoles as orally deliverable agents for modulating AD-associated neuroinflammation.
  • To assess the efficacy of vacuoles in reducing AD pathology markers and neuroinflammatory signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Yeast-derived vacuoles were administered orally to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated C6 glioma cells and aged C57BL/6 mice.
  • Cellular assays measured cytotoxicity, APP/Aβ, phosphorylated Tau, and signaling pathways (p38 MAPK, NF-κB).
  • Histological analysis of brain tissue (hippocampus, cortex) was performed.

Main Results:

  • Vacuoles were internalized with low cytotoxicity in C6 cells.
  • Vacuoles reduced APP/Aβ, phosphorylated Tau, and suppressed inflammatory signaling (NF-κB, p38 MAPK) in vitro.
  • Oral vacuole administration decreased brain APP/Aβ, Tau levels, and improved hippocampal/cortical histology in mice.
  • No direct brain biodistribution was detected via IVIS imaging.

Conclusions:

  • Yeast-derived vacuoles demonstrate potential as a bio-derived platform for modulating neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease.
  • The study supports further investigation into vacuole-mediated gut-to-brain bioactivity for AD therapeutics.
Keywords:
Alzheimer's diseaseAnti-neuroinflammatoryGut-to-brain oral drug deliveryYeast-derived vacuoles

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