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Related Concept Videos

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
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Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not necessarily...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Simultaneous Focused Ultrasound Neuromodulation and Fiber Photometry Recording in Free-Moving Mouse
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Focused Ultrasound Neuromodulation for Substance Use Disorder.

James J Mahoney1, Daisy G Y Thompson-Lake2, Lucas Johnson2

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia; Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia.

Biological Psychiatry
|May 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Focused ultrasound (FUS) shows promise as a non-invasive neuromodulation therapy for substance use disorder (SUD). Research indicates FUS can reduce craving and drug-seeking behaviors by targeting brain reward circuitry, though larger trials are needed.

Keywords:
AddictionFocused ultrasoundNeuromodulationReward circuitrySubstance use disorder

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Published on: December 22, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neuromodulation
  • Addiction Medicine

Background:

  • Substance use disorder (SUD) is a prevalent condition with high overdose rates and limited pharmacotherapies.
  • Neuromodulation offers a potential adjunctive treatment strategy for SUD.
  • Focused ultrasound (FUS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique with precise targeting capabilities for brain reward circuitry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the potential of focused ultrasound (FUS) as a novel therapeutic approach for substance use disorder (SUD).
  • To summarize preclinical and clinical findings supporting FUS for SUD treatment.
  • To identify future research directions for optimizing FUS therapy for SUD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical studies investigating FUS neuromodulation and blood-brain-barrier opening for SUD.
  • Analysis of early clinical findings from FUS interventions in patients with SUD.
  • Examination of evidence for FUS effects on reward neurocircuitry and associated behaviors.

Main Results:

  • Preclinical data demonstrate FUS modulates reward pathways, reducing drug-associated behaviors, with evidence of sex differences.
  • Clinical findings suggest FUS may reduce craving and substance use, alongside improvements in emotional/behavioral symptoms.
  • Current clinical evidence is preliminary, based on open-label designs and small patient numbers.

Conclusions:

  • Focused ultrasound (FUS) presents a promising, non-invasive neuromodulation strategy for treating substance use disorder (SUD).
  • Further rigorous investigation, including sham-controlled trials in larger cohorts, is essential to validate FUS efficacy.
  • Expanding research to diverse substances and brain targets, alongside parameter refinement, is crucial for realizing FUS's therapeutic potential in SUD.