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Kinetic modeling of anthocyanin extraction-degradation from dragon fruit peel via NADES-ATPS
Xiaoqin Meng1, Yin Hui Chow1, Abdulkareem Sh Mahdi Al-Obaidi1
1School of Engineering, Faculty of Innovation and Technology, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Malaysia.
Abstract:
This study aimed to develop an efficient and green extraction method for recovering anthocyanins from dragon fruit peel using a natural deep-eutectic solvent-based aqueous two-phase system (NADES-ATPS). The effects of temperature, phase volume ratio, and solid-to-liquid ratio on extraction performance were systematically investigated, with total anthocyanin content (TAC) and total betacyanin content (TBC) as primary indicators, and total phenolic content (TPC) and total soluble compounds (TSC) as auxiliary indicators. The optimal conditions were 33 °C, two-phase volume ratio of 1.7:1 mL/mL, and solid-to-liquid ratio of 48:1 mg/mL. Kinetic models showed good predictive reliability, with high fitting accuracy for TAC, TBC, TPC, and TSC. HPLC confirmed Cyanidin-3-glucoside and Cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside as major anthocyanins. These results demonstrate that NADES-ATPS is an effective and environmentally compatible approach for valorizing dragon fruit peel waste.
